MCP Testing

MCP Testing Skill

Modern testing strategies for Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers developed in VS Code using TypeScript, Bun, and Vitest.

Unit Testing with Vitest & In-Memory Transport

Setup Minimal Test Environment

import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from "vitest";
import { Client } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/client/index.js";
import { InMemoryTransport } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/testing/inMemoryTransport.js";
import { RaindropMCPService } from "../src/services/raindropmcp.service.js";

describe("RaindropMCPService Tools", () => {
  let service: RaindropMCPService;
  let transport: InMemoryTransport;
  let client: Client;

  beforeEach(async () => {
    service = new RaindropMCPService();
    transport = new InMemoryTransport(service.getServer());
    client = new Client(
      {
        name: "test-client",
        version: "1.0.0",
      },
      { capabilities: {} },
    );
    await client.connect(transport);
  });

  it("should list available tools", async () => {
    const tools = await client.listTools();
    expect(tools.tools.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
    expect(tools.tools.map((t) => t.name)).toContain("collection_list");
  });

  it("should call a tool with valid input", async () => {
    const result = await client.callTool({
      name: "collection_list",
      arguments: {},
    });
    expect(result).toBeDefined();
    expect(result.content).toBeDefined();
  });
});

Key Testing Patterns

1. In-Memory Transport: Use for unit tests—no subprocess overhead, direct method invocation
2. Server Capabilities: Verify manifest before running tool tests
3. Mock Context: Provide mock RaindropService for isolated tool testing
4. Error Handling: Test both success and error paths with Zod validation

Integration Testing with MCP Inspector

Launch Inspector in VS Code

1. Terminal > Run Task > "Debug HTTP Server with Inspector" (or STDIO variant)

   • Opens Inspector at http://localhost:3000 (or via auto-opened browser)
   • Live tool/resource exploration with bidirectional message capture

2. Manual Inspection Flow:

   • Call diagnostics tool → view server version and enabled tools
   • Call collection_list → see resource links to collections
   • Read collection resources by URI → validate dynamic resource handling
   • Test tool inputs directly with Inspector's form interface

3. Record & Replay:

   • Inspector logs all requests/responses
   • Copy test cases directly into Vitest from Inspector logs
   • Validate against snapshot tests

Snapshot Testing for Tool Schemas

import { describe, it, expect } from "vitest";
import { RaindropMCPService } from "../src/services/raindropmcp.service.js";

describe("Tool Schema Snapshots", () => {
  let service: RaindropMCPService;

  beforeEach(() => {
    service = new RaindropMCPService();
  });

  it("should maintain consistent tool schemas", async () => {
    const tools = await service.listTools();
    expect(tools).toMatchSnapshot();
  });
});

Why Snapshot Testing?

• Catches unintended schema changes (breaking for LLM clients)
• Auto-generates golden files for schema validation
• Reduces boilerplate when verifying complex schemas

Running Tests in VS Code

Run Tests with Coverage

bun run test:coverage

Generates coverage reports showing:

• Line & branch coverage for tools
• Uncovered error paths
• Integration test coverage vs unit test coverage

Watch Mode During Development

bun test --watch

• Re-runs tests on file changes
• Ideal for TDD workflows
• Vitest provides formatted output in terminal

Load & Performance Testing

Stress Test Tools with Concurrency

it("should handle concurrent tool calls", async () => {
  const promises = Array.from({ length: 10 }, () =>
    client.callTool({
      name: "collection_list",
      arguments: {},
    }),
  );

  const results = await Promise.all(promises);
  expect(results).toHaveLength(10);
  expect(results.every((r) => r.content)).toBe(true);
});

Measure Tool Latency

it("should respond within acceptable latency", async () => {
  const start = performance.now();
  await client.callTool({
    name: "bookmark_search",
    arguments: { search: "test" },
  });
  const duration = performance.now() - start;

  expect(duration).toBeLessThan(5000); // 5s timeout for API calls
});

Resource Testing

Test Dynamic Resource Resolution

it("should fetch and validate collection resources", async () => {
  const resources = await client.listResources();
  const collectionPattern = resources.resources.find((r) =>
    r.uri.includes("mcp://collection/"),
  );

  expect(collectionPattern).toBeDefined();

  // Read a specific collection
  const resourceData = await client.readResource({
    uri: "mcp://collection/12345",
  });

  expect(resourceData).toBeDefined();
  expect(Array.isArray(resourceData)).toBe(true);
  expect(resourceData[0].text).toBeDefined();
});

Test Error Conditions

it("should handle invalid resource URIs gracefully", async () => {
  expect(async () => {
    await client.readResource({ uri: "mcp://invalid/xyz" });
  }).rejects.toThrow();
});

Recommended Dev Dependencies

Testing & Quality

{
  "devDependencies": {
    "vitest": "^4.0.0",
    "@vitest/coverage-v8": "^1.0.0",
    "@vitest/ui": "^1.0.0",
    "happy-dom": "^13.0.0"
  }
}

Code Quality & Linting

{
  "devDependencies": {
    "eslint": "^9.0.0",
    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.0.0",
    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.0.0",
    "eslint-config-prettier": "^9.0.0",
    "prettier": "^3.0.0"
  }
}

Debugging & Inspection

{
  "devDependencies": {
    "@modelcontextprotocol/inspector": "^1.0.0"
  }
}

References

• Vitest Documentation
• MCP Testing Guide
• MCP Inspector GitHub

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