Docker Image Size Optimization
Analyzes Docker images and provides actionable recommendations to reduce footprint for PHP projects.
Image Size Anatomy
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ TYPICAL PHP IMAGE SIZE BREAKDOWN │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Base OS (Debian): ████████████████████░░░░░ 150MB (33%) │
│ PHP runtime: ████████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ 50MB (11%) │
│ PHP extensions: ██████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ 40MB (9%) │
│ Build dependencies: ████████████░░░░░░░░░░░░░ 80MB (18%) │
│ Composer vendor: ████████████░░░░░░░░░░░░░ 80MB (18%) │
│ Application source: ████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ 20MB (4%) │
│ Misc (logs, cache): ████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ 30MB (7%) │
│ Total unoptimized: █████████████████████████ ~450MB │
│ Target optimized: ████████████░░░░░░░░░░░░░ ~120MB (-73%) │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Size Estimation by Component
| Component |
Debian |
Alpine |
Savings |
| Base OS |
150MB |
8MB |
-142MB |
| PHP runtime |
50MB |
35MB |
-15MB |
| PHP extensions (5 typical) |
40MB |
25MB |
-15MB |
| Build dependencies |
80MB |
0MB (multi-stage) |
-80MB |
| Vendor (with dev) |
80MB |
30MB (--no-dev) |
-50MB |
| Application source |
20MB |
10MB (.dockerignore) |
-10MB |
| Total |
~450MB |
~108MB |
-342MB |
Alpine vs Debian
# ❌ Debian-based: ~150MB base → Final: 400-500MB
FROM php:8.4-fpm
# ✅ Alpine-based: ~8MB base → Final: 80-150MB
FROM php:8.4-fpm-alpine
| Concern |
Solution |
| musl vs glibc |
Most PHP extensions work fine with musl |
| Missing packages |
Use apk search to find Alpine equivalents |
| DNS resolution |
Add gnu-libc-compat if needed |
Multi-Stage Builds: Production-Only Artifacts
# Stage 1: Build with all tools
FROM php:8.4-cli-alpine AS builder
RUN apk add --no-cache --virtual .build-deps $PHPIZE_DEPS libzip-dev icu-dev \
&& docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql intl zip
COPY --from=composer:2 /usr/bin/composer /usr/bin/composer
COPY composer.json composer.lock ./
RUN composer install --no-dev --prefer-dist --optimize-autoloader
COPY . .
# Stage 2: Minimal production image
FROM php:8.4-fpm-alpine AS production
RUN apk add --no-cache libzip icu-libs
COPY --from=builder /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/ /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/
COPY --from=builder /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/ /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/
COPY --from=builder /app/vendor /app/vendor
COPY --from=builder /app/src /app/src
COPY --from=builder /app/public /app/public
COPY --from=builder /app/config /app/config
Build Dependencies Cleanup
# ❌ BAD: Build deps remain in image (+80MB)
RUN apk add $PHPIZE_DEPS libzip-dev icu-dev \
&& docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql intl zip
# ✅ GOOD: Virtual package for clean removal
RUN apk add --no-cache --virtual .build-deps \
$PHPIZE_DEPS libzip-dev icu-dev libpng-dev \
&& docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql intl zip gd \
&& apk del .build-deps \
&& apk add --no-cache libzip icu-libs libpng
Debian equivalent:
RUN apt-get update \
&& apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libzip-dev libicu-dev \
&& docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql intl zip \
&& apt-get purge -y --auto-remove libzip-dev libicu-dev \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
Composer Dependency Minimization
# ❌ BAD: Includes dev deps (+50MB: phpunit, phpstan, faker)
RUN composer install
# ✅ GOOD: Production only
RUN composer install --no-dev --prefer-dist --optimize-autoloader \
--classmap-authoritative --no-scripts
Image Analysis Tools
# Dive: interactive layer analysis
dive app:latest
# CI mode: fail if wasted space > 10%
CI=true dive app:latest --highestWastedBytes 10MB
# Docker history: show layer sizes
docker history --human --no-trunc app:latest
Specific Savings Per Technique
| Technique |
Typical Savings |
Effort |
| Switch to Alpine |
120-200MB |
Low |
| Multi-stage build |
50-150MB |
Medium |
| Remove build deps (.build-deps) |
40-80MB |
Low |
| Composer --no-dev |
30-60MB |
Low |
| .dockerignore |
10-50MB |
Low |
| Remove unused system packages |
10-30MB |
Low |
| Optimize COPY (specific paths) |
5-20MB |
Low |
| Strip debug symbols |
5-15MB |
Low |
Before/After Comparison
| Metric |
Unoptimized |
Optimized |
Improvement |
| Base image |
php:8.4-fpm (150MB) |
php:8.4-fpm-alpine (8MB) |
-142MB |
| Build deps |
Included (80MB) |
Multi-stage removed |
-80MB |
| Vendor |
With dev (80MB) |
--no-dev (30MB) |
-50MB |
| Source |
Full repo (20MB) |
.dockerignore (10MB) |
-10MB |
| Total |
~450MB |
~108MB |
-76% |
Generation Instructions
- Analyze current image: Run
docker history and dive to identify large layers
- Identify waste: Build deps, dev packages, unnecessary files
- Apply techniques: Alpine base, multi-stage, cleanup, --no-dev
- Measure result: Compare before/after with
docker images
- Validate runtime: Ensure application works correctly with minimal image
Source: dykyi-roman/awesome-claude-code — distributed by TomeVault.
tomevault-io