Redth Mauidevflow Maui AI Debugging

MAUI AI Debugging

Build, deploy, inspect, and debug .NET MAUI apps from the terminal. This skill enables a complete feedback loop: build → deploy → inspect → fix → rebuild.

Prerequisites

dotnet tool install --global Redth.MauiDevFlow.CLI || dotnet tool update --global Redth.MauiDevFlow.CLI
dotnet tool install --global androidsdk.tool    # Android only
dotnet tool install --global appledev.tools     # iOS/Mac only

Keep the skill up to date: maui-devflow update-skill. Check installed version vs remote with maui-devflow skill-version. For full update procedures, see references/setup.md.

Integrating MauiDevFlow into a MAUI App

For complete setup instructions, see references/setup.md.

Quick summary:

1. Add NuGet packages (Redth.MauiDevFlow.Agent, and Redth.MauiDevFlow.Blazor for Blazor Hybrid)
   • For Linux/GTK apps (detected via grep -i 'GirCore\|Maui\.Gtk' *.csproj), use Agent.Gtk and Blazor.Gtk instead
   • For macOS (AppKit) apps (detected via grep -i 'Platform\.Maui\.MacOS' *.csproj), the standard Agent and Blazor packages include macOS support
2. Register in MauiProgram.cs inside #if DEBUG
3. For Blazor Hybrid: chobitsu.js is auto-injected (no manual script tag needed)
4. For Mac Catalyst: ensure network.server entitlement
5. For Android: run adb reverse for broker + agent ports
6. For Linux: no special network setup needed (direct localhost)
7. For macOS (AppKit): separate app head project, uses open App.app to launch. See references/macos.md

Core Workflow

1. Ensure a Device/Simulator/Emulator is Running

⚠️ Multi-project conflict avoidance: When multiple projects may run simultaneously (common with AI agents), each project should use its own dedicated simulator/emulator to prevent apps from replacing each other. Check what's already in use first:

maui-devflow list                                             # see all registered agents

If another iOS or Android agent is already registered, create a new simulator/emulator for your project instead of reusing the one that's already booted.

iOS Simulator:

xcrun simctl list devices booted                              # check booted sims

# Create a project-dedicated simulator to avoid conflicts
xcrun simctl create "MyApp-iPhone17Pro" "iPhone 17 Pro" "iOS 26.2"
xcrun simctl boot <UDID>                                      # boot the new sim

Android Emulator:

android avd list                                              # list AVDs

# Create a project-dedicated emulator to avoid conflicts
android avd create --name "MyApp-Pixel8" \
  --sdk "system-images;android-35;google_apis;arm64-v8a" --device pixel_8
android avd start --name "MyApp-Pixel8"

Mac Catalyst / macOS (AppKit) / Linux/GTK: No device setup needed — runs as desktop app. Multiple desktop apps can run simultaneously without conflicts.

2. Detect the TFM

IMPORTANT: Before building, detect the correct Target Framework Moniker from the project. Do NOT assume net10.0 — many projects use net9.0, net8.0, etc.

grep -i 'TargetFrameworks' *.csproj Directory.Build.props 2>/dev/null

Use the detected version (e.g. net9.0) in all build commands. The examples use $TFM.

3. Build, Deploy, and Connect

Follow these steps for every launch and rebuild.

Step 1: Kill any previous instance (skip on first launch). A stale app's agent stays registered with the broker, causing maui-devflow wait to return the old port instantly instead of waiting for the new build.

# Stop the async shell from the previous launch, then confirm:
maui-devflow list                 # should show no agents (or only unrelated ones)

Step 2: Launch in an async shell.

# iOS Simulator
dotnet build -f $TFM-ios -t:Run -p:_DeviceName=:v2:udid=<UDID>

# Android Emulator
dotnet build -f $TFM-android -t:Run

# Mac Catalyst
dotnet build -f $TFM-maccatalyst -t:Run

# macOS AppKit — build exits after compiling; launch separately
dotnet build -f $TFM-macos <path-to-macos-project>
open path/to/bin/Debug/$TFM-macos/osx-arm64/AppName.app

# Linux/GTK
dotnet run --project <path-to-gtk-project>

⚠️ Process lifecycle rules:

• dotnet build -t:Run (iOS, Android, Mac Catalyst) and dotnet run (Linux/GTK) block for the lifetime of the app. Killing or stopping the shell kills the app. Use mode: "async" with initial_wait: 120 and do NOT stop the shell until you are done.
• macOS (AppKit) is the exception: dotnet build exits after compiling, and open launches the app independently — the app survives shell termination.

Step 3: Wait for the agent — never use sleep.

maui-devflow wait                                # blocks until agent registers (default 120s)
maui-devflow wait --project path/to/App.csproj   # filter to specific project

maui-devflow wait prints the assigned port as soon as the agent connects. Exit code 1 means timeout — check async shell output for build errors.

Android only — set up port forwarding after the agent connects:

adb reverse tcp:19223 tcp:19223   # Broker (lets agent in emulator reach host broker)
adb forward tcp:<port> tcp:<port> # Agent (lets CLI reach agent in emulator)

To rebuild: repeat from Step 1. See references/troubleshooting.md if the build fails.

4. Inspect and Interact

Typical inspection flow:

1. maui-devflow MAUI tree --depth 15 --fields "id,type,text,automationId" — tree with key fields only (depth 15 reaches most controls)
2. maui-devflow MAUI tree --window 1 — filter to a specific window (0-based index)
3. maui-devflow MAUI query --automationId "MyButton" — find specific elements
4. maui-devflow MAUI query --type Entry --fields "id,text,automationId" — all Entry fields with specific fields
5. maui-devflow MAUI element <id> — get full details (type, bounds, visibility, children)
6. maui-devflow MAUI property <id> Text — read any property by name
7. maui-devflow MAUI screenshot --output screen.png — visual verification (auto-scaled to 1x on HiDPI)
8. maui-devflow MAUI screenshot --id <elementId> --output el.png — element-only screenshot
9. maui-devflow MAUI screenshot --selector "Button" --output btn.png — screenshot by CSS selector

Property inspection is more reliable than screenshots for verifying exact runtime values:

maui-devflow MAUI property <id> BackgroundColor    # verify dark mode colors
maui-devflow MAUI property <id> IsVisible          # check element visibility

Live editing (no rebuild needed):

maui-devflow MAUI set-property <id> TextColor "Tomato"
maui-devflow MAUI set-property <id> FontSize "24"

Supports: string, bool, int, double, Color (named/hex), Thickness, enums. Changes persist until the app restarts — safe for experimentation.

Typical interaction flow:

1. maui-devflow MAUI fill --automationId "MyEntry" "text" — type into Entry/Editor fields (no query needed)
2. maui-devflow MAUI tap --automationId "MyButton" — tap buttons, checkboxes, list items
3. maui-devflow MAUI clear --automationId "MyEntry" — clear text fields
4. Or use element IDs from tree/query: maui-devflow MAUI tap <elementId>
5. Take screenshot to verify result, or use --and-screenshot on the action

Blazor WebView (if applicable):

1. maui-devflow cdp snapshot — DOM tree as accessible text (best for AI)
2. maui-devflow cdp Input fill "css-selector" "text" — fill inputs
3. maui-devflow cdp Input dispatchClickEvent "css-selector" — click elements
4. maui-devflow cdp Runtime evaluate "js-expression" — run JS

Multiple BlazorWebViews: If the app has more than one BlazorWebView, each is registered independently with its AutomationId. Use cdp webviews to list them, then target a specific one with --webview (or -w):

maui-devflow cdp webviews                                  # list all WebViews
maui-devflow cdp -w BlazorLeft snapshot                    # snapshot of a specific WebView
maui-devflow cdp -w 1 Runtime evaluate "document.title"    # target by index

Without --webview, commands target the first (index 0) WebView.

Live CSS/DOM editing in Blazor (no rebuild needed):

maui-devflow cdp Runtime evaluate "document.querySelector('h1').style.color = 'tomato'"
maui-devflow cdp Runtime evaluate "document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--bg-color', '#1a1a2e')"

5. Reading Application Logs

MauiDevFlow automatically captures all ILogger output and WebView console.* calls to rotating log files, retrievable remotely:

maui-devflow MAUI logs                   # fetch 100 most recent log entries
maui-devflow MAUI logs --limit 50        # fetch 50 entries
maui-devflow MAUI logs --source webview  # only WebView/Blazor console logs
maui-devflow MAUI logs --source native   # only native ILogger logs
maui-devflow MAUI logs --follow          # stream logs in real-time (Ctrl+C to stop)
maui-devflow MAUI logs -f --source native  # stream only native logs
maui-devflow MAUI logs -f --json         # stream as JSONL (machine-readable)

Debugging workflow: Reproduce the issue → maui-devflow MAUI logs --limit 20 → check for errors. Add temporary ILogger calls for more detail, rebuild, reproduce, and fetch logs again.

6. Screen Recording

Capture video of the app while performing interactions. Recording is host-side (not in-app) using platform-native tools.

# Start recording (default 30s timeout)
maui-devflow MAUI recording start --output demo.mp4

# Interact with the app
maui-devflow MAUI tap <buttonId>
maui-devflow MAUI navigate "//blazor"
maui-devflow MAUI fill <entryId> "Hello World"

# Stop and save
maui-devflow MAUI recording stop

Platform tools used automatically:

• Android: adb screenrecord (max 180s, capped with warning)
• iOS Simulator: xcrun simctl io recordVideo
• Mac Catalyst / macOS (AppKit): screencapture -v (targets app window when possible)
• Windows/Linux: ffmpeg (must be on PATH)

Options: --timeout <seconds> (default 30), --output <path> (default recording_<timestamp>.mp4). Only one recording at a time — stop before starting a new one.

7. Network Request Monitoring

Monitor HTTP requests made by the app in real-time. MauiDevFlow automatically intercepts all IHttpClientFactory-based HTTP traffic via a DelegatingHandler — no app code changes needed beyond the standard AddMauiDevFlowAgent() setup.

# Live monitor — streams requests as they happen (Ctrl+C to stop)
maui-devflow MAUI network

# JSONL streaming — machine-readable, one JSON object per line
maui-devflow MAUI network --json

# One-shot: list recent captured requests
maui-devflow MAUI network list

# Filter by method or host
maui-devflow MAUI network list --method POST
maui-devflow MAUI network list --host api.example.com

# Full request/response details (headers + body)
maui-devflow MAUI network detail <requestId>

# Clear captured requests
maui-devflow MAUI network clear

How it works:

• A DelegatingHandler wraps the platform's HTTP handler (AndroidMessageHandler, NSUrlSessionHandler, etc.), capturing request/response metadata, headers, and bodies
• Auto-injected via ConfigureHttpClientDefaults — works for all IHttpClientFactory clients
• For new HttpClient() outside DI, use DevFlowHttp.CreateClient() helper
• Bodies up to 256KB are captured (configurable via AgentOptions.MaxNetworkBodySize)
• A ring buffer (default 500 entries) stores recent requests in-memory

JSONL output is ideal for AI parsing — pipe to jq or process programmatically:

maui-devflow MAUI network --json | jq 'select(.statusCode >= 400)'

WebSocket streaming: The live monitor uses WebSocket (/ws/network) for real-time push. Connecting clients receive a replay of buffered history, then live entries as they arrive.

8. App Storage (Preferences & Secure Storage)

Read, write, and delete app preferences and secure storage entries remotely. Useful for debugging state, resetting app configuration, or injecting test values.

# Preferences (typed key-value store)
maui-devflow MAUI preferences list                       # list all known keys
maui-devflow MAUI preferences get theme_mode             # get a string value
maui-devflow MAUI preferences get counter --type int     # get a typed value
maui-devflow MAUI preferences set api_url "https://dev.example.com"
maui-devflow MAUI preferences set dark_mode true --type bool
maui-devflow MAUI preferences delete temp_key
maui-devflow MAUI preferences clear                      # clear all

# Shared preferences containers
maui-devflow MAUI preferences list --sharedName settings
maui-devflow MAUI preferences set key val --sharedName settings

# Secure Storage (encrypted, string values only)
maui-devflow MAUI secure-storage get auth_token
maui-devflow MAUI secure-storage set auth_token "eyJhbGc..."
maui-devflow MAUI secure-storage delete auth_token
maui-devflow MAUI secure-storage clear

Note: Preference key listing uses an internal registry (keys set via the agent are tracked). Keys set directly in app code won't appear in list unless also set via the agent.

9. Platform Info & Device Features

Query read-only device and app state. These are one-shot snapshot reads.

maui-devflow MAUI platform app-info         # app name, version, build, theme
maui-devflow MAUI platform device-info      # manufacturer, model, OS, idiom
maui-devflow MAUI platform display          # screen density, size, orientation
maui-devflow MAUI platform battery          # charge level, state, power source
maui-devflow MAUI platform connectivity     # WiFi/Cellular/Ethernet, network access
maui-devflow MAUI platform version-tracking # version history, first launch detection
maui-devflow MAUI platform permissions      # check all common permission statuses
maui-devflow MAUI platform permissions camera  # check a specific permission
maui-devflow MAUI platform geolocation      # current GPS coordinates
maui-devflow MAUI platform geolocation --accuracy High --timeout 15

10. Device Sensors

Start, stop, and stream real-time sensor data. Sensors auto-start when streaming.

maui-devflow MAUI sensors list                    # list sensors + status
maui-devflow MAUI sensors start accelerometer     # start a sensor
maui-devflow MAUI sensors stop accelerometer

# Stream readings to stdout (JSONL)
maui-devflow MAUI sensors stream accelerometer          # Ctrl+C to stop
maui-devflow MAUI sensors stream gyroscope --speed Game  # higher frequency
maui-devflow MAUI sensors stream compass --duration 10  # stop after 10 seconds

Available sensors: accelerometer, barometer, compass, gyroscope, magnetometer, orientation. Speed options: UI (default), Game, Fastest, Default.

WebSocket streaming: Sensor data uses WebSocket (/ws/sensors?sensor=<name>) for real-time push. Each reading is a JSON object with sensor, timestamp, and data fields.

Command Reference

maui-devflow MAUI (Native Agent)

Global options (work on any subcommand):

• --agent-host (default localhost), --agent-port (auto-discovered via broker), --platform
• --json — force JSON output. Auto-enabled when stdout is piped/redirected (TTY auto-detection).
• --no-json — force human-readable output even when piped.
• Env var: MAUIDEVFLOW_OUTPUT=json for persistent JSON mode.

Implicit element resolution: Commands that take an <elementId> (tap, fill, clear, focus) also accept --automationId, --type, --text, --index to resolve the element in a single call. This eliminates the query→act round-trip. The <elementId> argument is optional when resolution options are provided.

Post-action flags: tap, fill, clear accept --and-screenshot [path], --and-tree, --and-tree-depth N to return verification data alongside the action result.

Element IDs come from MAUI tree or MAUI query. AutomationId-based elements use their AutomationId directly. Others use generated hex IDs. When multiple elements share the same AutomationId, suffixes are appended: TodoCheckBox, TodoCheckBox_1, TodoCheckBox_2, etc.

Element ID lifecycle: IDs are ephemeral — they're regenerated on each tree walk. After navigation, page changes, or significant UI updates, re-query to get fresh IDs. AutomationIds are stable across rebuilds (they come from XAML), so prefer --automationId for scripted flows.

maui-devflow cdp (Blazor WebView CDP)

Global options: --agent-host (default localhost), --agent-port (auto-discovered via broker). CDP commands use the same agent port — all communication goes through a single port. Use --webview <id> (or -w <id>) on any CDP command to target a specific WebView by index, AutomationId, or element ID. Default: first WebView.

Multi-WebView targeting: If the app has multiple BlazorWebViews, use cdp webviews to list them, then --webview <index-or-automationId> on any command to target a specific one. Example: maui-devflow cdp --webview 1 snapshot or maui-devflow cdp -w MyWebView Runtime evaluate "1+1".

maui-devflow Broker & Discovery

The broker is a background daemon that manages port assignments for all running agents. The CLI auto-starts the broker on first use — no manual setup needed.

maui-devflow batch (Multi-Command Execution)

Execute multiple commands in one invocation via stdin. Returns JSONL responses. Use for multi-step interactions to avoid repeated port resolution.

echo "MAUI fill textUsername user; MAUI fill textPassword pwd123; MAUI tap buttonLogin" | maui-devflow batch

For full options, JSONL format, and streaming details, see references/batch.md.

Platform Details

For detailed platform-specific setup, simulator/emulator management, and troubleshooting:

• Setup & Installation: See references/setup.md
• iOS / Mac Catalyst: See references/ios-and-mac.md
• macOS (AppKit): See references/macos.md
• Android: See references/android.md
• Linux / GTK: See references/linux.md
• Troubleshooting: See references/troubleshooting.md

⚠️ Non-Disruptive Operation

CRITICAL: Never run commands that steal focus, move windows, simulate mouse/keyboard input, or otherwise disrupt the user's desktop. The user is likely working on the same computer.

Never use:

• osascript to focus/activate windows, click UI elements, or send keystrokes
• screencapture interactively (the MauiDevFlow screenshot command captures in-process instead)
• xdotool focus/activate/key commands that affect the active window
• Any command that moves the mouse cursor or simulates input at the OS level
• open -a to bring apps to the foreground (use open only to launch, not to focus)

Instead: All inspection and interaction goes through maui-devflow CLI commands, which communicate with the in-app agent over HTTP — no foreground focus required. If you need something that would require OS-level control (e.g., dismissing a system dialog outside the app), ask the user to do it manually rather than attempting automation that would hijack their input.

Tips

• Use maui-devflow batch for multi-step interactions — resolves port once, adds delays, returns structured JSONL. See references/batch.md.
• Always use maui-devflow MAUI screenshot — captures in-process, app does NOT need foreground focus.
• Use AutomationId on important MAUI controls for stable element references.
• For Blazor Hybrid, cdp snapshot is the most AI-friendly way to read page state.
• Port discovery, multi-project setup, and custom ports: see references/setup.md.
• Shell apps: Read AppShell.xaml to discover routes before navigating. Routes are case-sensitive and often lowercase.
• CollectionView items: Tap the container Grid/StackLayout, not inner Labels/Images. Use --item-index to scroll to off-screen items.
• Ambiguous --text: When text appears on multiple pages, use explicit IDs from tree.

AI Agent Best Practices

Output Format

• Always use --json or rely on TTY auto-detection (JSON is auto-enabled when stdout is piped/redirected).
• Set MAUIDEVFLOW_OUTPUT=json in your environment for consistent machine-readable output.
• Use --no-json only when you specifically need human-readable output in a pipe.
• Errors go to stderr as structured JSON: {"error": "...", "type": "RuntimeError", "retryable": false, "suggestions": [...]}.
• Check exit codes: 0 = success, non-zero = failure.

Reducing Token Usage

• Use --depth 15 (or higher) for MAUI tree — MAUI visual trees are deeply nested (a simple control is often at depth 10-15). Start with --depth 15; if you see truncated children, increase. After your first successful tree dump, note the depth where meaningful controls appear and reuse that depth for subsequent calls. If the tree is still too large, combine with --fields to reduce width.
• Use --fields "id,type,text,automationId" to project only the fields you need.
• Use --format compact for minimal tree output (id, type, text, automationId, bounds).
• Prefer MAUI query --automationId over full tree traversal — much smaller response.
• Use element-level screenshots (--id <elementId>) when you only need to see one control.

Adaptive Depth Learning

MAUI app trees vary in depth — a simple app might have controls at depth 8, while a complex app with Shell + NavigationPage + nested layouts might need depth 20+. After your first MAUI tree call, look at where the leaf-level controls (Button, Entry, Label) appear and remember that depth. Use it for all subsequent tree calls in the same session. If you navigate to a new page that seems deeper, bump the depth up. This avoids both truncating useful content and wasting tokens on excessively deep dumps.

Screenshot Auto-Scaling (HiDPI)

Screenshots are automatically scaled to 1x logical resolution by default. The agent detects the device's display density (2x on Retina, 3x on iPhone Pro Max, 1x on desktop) and divides the screenshot dimensions accordingly. This happens server-side before transfer.

• No action needed — just use maui-devflow MAUI screenshot --output screen.png and the image will be appropriately sized for AI understanding.
• Full resolution: Use --scale native when you need pixel-perfect images (e.g., verifying exact colors, alignment, or anti-aliasing).

  maui-devflow MAUI screenshot --output full-res.png --scale native
  

• Explicit max width: Use --max-width N to override auto-scaling with a specific pixel width.

  maui-devflow MAUI screenshot --output screen.png --max-width 600
  

Eliminating Round-Trips

• Use implicit resolution instead of query-then-act:

  # Instead of: query → get ID → tap
  maui-devflow MAUI tap --automationId "LoginButton"
  maui-devflow MAUI fill --automationId "Username" "admin"
  maui-devflow MAUI tap --type Button --index 0  # first Button
  

• Use --wait-until instead of polling loops:

  maui-devflow MAUI query --automationId "ResultsList" --wait-until exists --timeout 10
  maui-devflow MAUI query --automationId "Spinner" --wait-until gone --timeout 30
  

• Use post-action flags to verify in one call:

  maui-devflow MAUI tap abc123 --and-screenshot --and-tree --and-tree-depth 5
  

• Use MAUI assert for quick state checks:

  maui-devflow MAUI assert --id abc123 Text "Welcome!"
  maui-devflow MAUI assert --automationId "Counter" Text "5"
  

Element IDs

• Element IDs are ephemeral — re-query after navigation or state changes.
• Don't cache element IDs across multiple actions — refresh with tree or query.
• Prefer --automationId for stable references (set in XAML).
• Use maui-devflow commands --json to discover available commands at runtime.

Shell Navigation

• Routes are case-sensitive and come from ShellContent Route="" in XAML, not from FlyoutItem Title. Discover routes by reading AppShell.xaml:

  grep -i 'Route=' AppShell.xaml
  

• Flyout menu items use generated IDs like FlyoutItem_D_FAULT_FlyoutItem0. Find them at the top level of the tree output. Don't try to tap Labels inside flyout items.
• Flyout dismissal: After tapping a flyout item, the flyout may stay open. Dismiss with:

  maui-devflow MAUI set-property <shellId> FlyoutIsPresented "false"
  

CollectionView / ListView

• Tapping items: Always tap the item's container (Grid/StackLayout), not inner elements (Label/Image). The item template's root element handles selection.
• Virtualization: CollectionView/ListView use item virtualization — only visible items (plus a small buffer) exist in the visual tree. Off-screen items have NO visual element. The tree shows itemCount in the CollectionView's properties so you know total items.
• Scrolling by item index (best for reaching off-screen items):

  maui-devflow MAUI scroll --element <cvId> --item-index 20 --position Center
  

  This works even for items not in the tree yet — the platform scrolls to materialize them.
• Scrolling by pixel delta (for fine-grained scrolling):

  maui-devflow MAUI scroll --element <cvId> --dy -500
  

  Uses native platform scroll (UIScrollView/RecyclerView) — works on CollectionView.
• Workflow: Get tree → note itemCount → scroll by index → re-query tree → interact:

  maui-devflow MAUI tree --depth 15   # CollectionView shows itemCount: 25
  maui-devflow MAUI scroll --item-index 20
  maui-devflow MAUI tree --depth 15   # items around index 20 now visible
  

Implicit Resolution Gotchas

• --text searches the entire visual tree, including hidden pages (other Shell tabs). If the text is ambiguous (e.g., "+", "OK", "Cancel"), it may match a wrong element on a different page.
• Prefer --automationId for reliable targeting. Fall back to explicit element IDs from tree/query for elements without AutomationIds.
• Use --type + --text together to narrow matches when text alone is ambiguous.

Canonical Workflows

Login flow:

maui-devflow MAUI query --automationId "LoginPage" --wait-until exists --timeout 15
maui-devflow MAUI fill --automationId "UsernameField" "admin"
maui-devflow MAUI fill --automationId "PasswordField" "password"
maui-devflow MAUI tap --automationId "LoginButton" --and-screenshot
maui-devflow MAUI query --automationId "HomePage" --wait-until exists --timeout 10

Shell navigation:

# Discover routes from XAML
grep -i 'Route=' AppShell.xaml                              # find route names
maui-devflow MAUI navigate "//home"                         # navigate to a route
maui-devflow MAUI tap FlyoutButton                          # open flyout
maui-devflow MAUI tree --depth 3 --fields "id,type,text"    # find flyout items
maui-devflow MAUI tap <flyoutItemId>                        # tap item
maui-devflow MAUI set-property <shellId> FlyoutIsPresented "false"  # dismiss flyout

Element inspection:

maui-devflow MAUI query --automationId "MyControl" --json --fields "id,type,text,bounds"
maui-devflow MAUI element <id> --json
maui-devflow MAUI property <id> Text

State verification:

maui-devflow MAUI tap --automationId "IncrementButton"
maui-devflow MAUI assert --automationId "CounterLabel" Text "1"

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