tomevault-io Responsive Design Skill
Patterns for building responsive user interfaces that work across all device sizes.
Mobile-First Approach
Design for mobile first, then enhance for larger screens.
/* Mobile first (default) */
.container {
padding: 1rem;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
/* Tablet and up */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.container {
padding: 2rem;
flex-direction: row;
}
}
/* Desktop and up */
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
.container {
max-width: 1200px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
}
Breakpoint System
Standard Breakpoints
const breakpoints = {
sm: '640px', // Small phones
md: '768px', // Tablets
lg: '1024px', // Small laptops
xl: '1280px', // Desktops
'2xl': '1536px' // Large screens
};
Tailwind CSS Usage
<!-- Mobile: stack, Tablet: 2 columns, Desktop: 3 columns -->
<div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-4">
<Card />
<Card />
<Card />
</div>
<!-- Hide on mobile, show on tablet+ -->
<nav class="hidden md:block">
<DesktopNavigation />
</nav>
<!-- Show on mobile, hide on tablet+ -->
<button class="md:hidden">
<MenuIcon />
</button>
Responsive Patterns
Responsive Grid
// CSS Grid with auto-fit
function ResponsiveGrid({ children, minWidth = '300px' }) {
return (
<div
style={{
display: 'grid',
gridTemplateColumns: `repeat(auto-fit, minmax(${minWidth}, 1fr))`,
gap: '1rem',
}}
>
{children}
</div>
);
}
Responsive Typography
/* Fluid typography */
.heading {
font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 3rem);
line-height: 1.2;
}
/* Responsive scale */
:root {
--text-base: 1rem;
--text-lg: 1.125rem;
--text-xl: 1.25rem;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
:root {
--text-base: 1.125rem;
--text-lg: 1.25rem;
--text-xl: 1.5rem;
}
}
Responsive Navigation
function Navigation() {
const [isOpen, setIsOpen] = useState(false);
return (
<nav>
{/* Mobile menu button */}
<button
className="md:hidden"
=> setIsOpen(!isOpen)}
aria-expanded={isOpen}
aria-label="Toggle menu"
>
{isOpen ? <CloseIcon /> : <MenuIcon />}
</button>
{/* Navigation links */}
<div className={`
${isOpen ? 'block' : 'hidden'}
md:block
absolute md:relative
top-full left-0 right-0
bg-white md:bg-transparent
`}>
<NavLinks />
</div>
</nav>
);
}
Responsive Images
function ResponsiveImage({ src, alt, sizes }) {
return (
<picture>
{/* WebP for modern browsers */}
<source
type="image/webp"
srcSet={`
${src}?w=400&format=webp 400w,
${src}?w=800&format=webp 800w,
${src}?w=1200&format=webp 1200w
`}
sizes={sizes}
/>
{/* Fallback */}
<img
src={`${src}?w=800`}
srcSet={`
${src}?w=400 400w,
${src}?w=800 800w,
${src}?w=1200 1200w
`}
sizes={sizes}
alt={alt}
loading="lazy"
/>
</picture>
);
}
// Usage
<ResponsiveImage
src="/hero.jpg"
alt="Hero image"
sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 50vw"
/>
Layout Patterns
Sidebar Layout
function SidebarLayout({ sidebar, content }) {
return (
<div className="flex flex-col md:flex-row min-h-screen">
{/* Sidebar: Full width on mobile, fixed width on desktop */}
<aside className="w-full md:w-64 lg:w-80 shrink-0">
{sidebar}
</aside>
{/* Content: Takes remaining space */}
<main className="flex-1 p-4 md:p-6 lg:p-8">
{content}
</main>
</div>
);
}
Card Grid
function CardGrid({ items }) {
return (
<div className="
grid gap-4
grid-cols-1
sm:grid-cols-2
lg:grid-cols-3
xl:grid-cols-4
">
{items.map(item => (
<Card key={item.id} {...item} />
))}
</div>
);
}
Hero Section
function Hero() {
return (
<section className="
min-h-[50vh] md:min-h-[70vh]
flex items-center justify-center
px-4 md:px-8 lg:px-16
text-center
">
<div className="max-w-3xl">
<h1 className="
text-3xl md:text-5xl lg:text-6xl
font-bold
mb-4 md:mb-6
">
Welcome
</h1>
<p className="
text-lg md:text-xl
text-gray-600
mb-6 md:mb-8
">
Description text
</p>
<div className="
flex flex-col sm:flex-row
gap-4
justify-center
">
<Button size="lg">Primary</Button>
<Button size="lg" variant="outline">Secondary</Button>
</div>
</div>
</section>
);
}
Responsive Hooks
useMediaQuery
function useMediaQuery(query: string): boolean {
const [matches, setMatches] = useState(false);
useEffect(() => {
const media = window.matchMedia(query);
setMatches(media.matches);
const listener = (e: MediaQueryListEvent) => setMatches(e.matches);
media.addEventListener('change', listener);
return () => media.removeEventListener('change', listener);
}, [query]);
return matches;
}
// Usage
function Component() {
const isMobile = useMediaQuery('(max-width: 768px)');
const isDesktop = useMediaQuery('(min-width: 1024px)');
return isMobile ? <MobileView /> : <DesktopView />;
}
useBreakpoint
function useBreakpoint() {
const isSm = useMediaQuery('(min-width: 640px)');
const isMd = useMediaQuery('(min-width: 768px)');
const isLg = useMediaQuery('(min-width: 1024px)');
const isXl = useMediaQuery('(min-width: 1280px)');
if (isXl) return 'xl';
if (isLg) return 'lg';
if (isMd) return 'md';
if (isSm) return 'sm';
return 'xs';
}
Touch Considerations
/* Larger touch targets on mobile */
.button {
min-height: 44px;
min-width: 44px;
padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
}
/* Disable hover effects on touch */
@media (hover: none) {
.button:hover {
background-color: inherit;
}
}
/* Smooth scrolling */
.scroll-container {
-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
Testing Responsive Designs
- Browser DevTools: Test all breakpoints
- Real Devices: Test on actual phones/tablets
- Viewport Units: Test with different font sizes
- Orientation: Test landscape and portrait
Integration
Used by:
frontend-developeragent- All frontend stack skills
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