REST API Design
Design RESTful APIs with proper conventions and developer experience.
Resource Naming
# Good - nouns, plural, hierarchical
GET /api/users
GET /api/users/123
GET /api/users/123/orders
POST /api/users
PATCH /api/users/123
DELETE /api/users/123
# Bad - verbs, actions in URL
GET /api/getUsers
POST /api/createUser
POST /api/users/123/delete
HTTP Methods
| Method | Purpose | Idempotent |
|---|---|---|
| GET | Read resource | Yes |
| POST | Create resource | No |
| PUT | Replace resource | Yes |
| PATCH | Partial update | Yes |
| DELETE | Remove resource | Yes |
Status Codes
| Code | Meaning | Use For |
|---|---|---|
| 200 | OK | Successful GET, PATCH |
| 201 | Created | Successful POST |
| 204 | No Content | Successful DELETE |
| 400 | Bad Request | Validation errors |
| 401 | Unauthorized | Missing auth |
| 403 | Forbidden | Insufficient permissions |
| 404 | Not Found | Resource doesn't exist |
| 429 | Too Many Requests | Rate limited |
Response Format
{
"data": {
"id": "123",
"type": "user",
"attributes": {
"name": "John",
"email": "john@example.com"
}
},
"meta": {
"requestId": "req_abc123"
}
}
Collection Response
{
"data": [...],
"pagination": {
"page": 1,
"limit": 20,
"total": 150,
"totalPages": 8
},
"links": {
"self": "/api/users?page=1",
"next": "/api/users?page=2"
}
}
Query Parameters
GET /api/products?category=electronics # Filtering
GET /api/products?sort=-price,name # Sorting
GET /api/products?page=2&limit=20 # Pagination
GET /api/products?fields=id,name,price # Field selection
Best Practices
- Use nouns for resources, not verbs
- Version API via URL path (
/api/v1/) - Return appropriate status codes
- Include pagination for collections
- Document with OpenAPI/Swagger
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