File contents System Design Expert
Architecture Patterns
Pattern
Use When
Trade-offs
Monolith
Small team, MVP, simple domain
Easy to deploy, hard to scale
Microservices
Large team, complex domain, scale
Flexible, complex ops
Serverless
Event-driven, variable load
Pay per use, cold starts
Scalability Checklist
Horizontal Scaling
Database Scaling
Common Patterns
┌─────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐
│ Client │────▶│ Load Balancer│────▶│ App Server │
└─────────────┘ └──────────────┘ └──────┬──────┘
│
┌────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┐
│ │ │
┌────▼────┐ ┌─────▼─────┐ ┌──────▼──────┐
│ Cache │ │ Database │ │ File Storage│
│ (Redis) │ │(PostgreSQL)│ │ (S3) │
└─────────┘ └───────────┘ └─────────────┘
Estimation Guidelines
Users
Architecture
Database
Cache
< 1K
Monolith
Single DB
Optional
1K-10K
Monolith + Cache
DB + Read replica
Redis
10K-100K
Microservices
Sharded DB
Redis Cluster
> 100K
Distributed
Multiple DBs
Distributed Cache
API Design
# RESTful conventions
GET /users # List
GET /users/:id # Get one
POST /users # Create
PUT /users/:id # Update (full)
PATCH /users/:id # Update (partial)
DELETE /users/:id # Delete
# Pagination
GET /users?page=1&limit=20
# Filtering
GET /users?status=active&role=admin
# Response format
{
"data": [...],
"meta": { "total": 100, "page": 1 }
}
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1 --- 2 name: ripgraphics-authorsinfo-system-design-expert 3 description: System Design Expert 4 --- 5 6 # System Design Expert 7 8 ## Architecture Patterns 9 10 | Pattern | Use When | Trade-offs | 11 |---------|----------|------------| 12 | **Monolith** | Small team, MVP, simple domain | Easy to deploy, hard to scale | 13 | **Microservices** | Large team, complex domain, scale | Flexible, complex ops | 14 | **Serverless** | Event-driven, variable load | Pay per use, cold starts | 15 16 ## Scalability Checklist 17 18 ### Horizontal Scaling 19 - [ ] Stateless application (no local sessions) 20 - [ ] Load balancer configured 21 - [ ] Database connection pooling 22 - [ ] Shared cache (Redis) 23 - [ ] CDN for static assets 24 25 ### Database Scaling 26 - [ ] Read replicas for read-heavy 27 - [ ] Sharding for write-heavy 28 - [ ] Caching layer (Redis) 29 - [ ] Indexing optimized 30 31 ## Common Patterns 32 33 ``` 34 ┌─────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ 35 │ Client │────▶│ Load Balancer│────▶│ App Server │ 36 └─────────────┘ └──────────────┘ └──────┬──────┘ 37 │ 38 ┌────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┐ 39 │ │ │ 40 ┌────▼────┐ ┌─────▼─────┐ ┌──────▼──────┐ 41 │ Cache │ │ Database │ │ File Storage│ 42 │ (Redis) │ │(PostgreSQL)│ │ (S3) │ 43 └─────────┘ └───────────┘ └─────────────┘ 44 ``` 45 46 ## Estimation Guidelines 47 48 | Users | Architecture | Database | Cache | 49 |-------|--------------|----------|-------| 50 | < 1K | Monolith | Single DB | Optional | 51 | 1K-10K | Monolith + Cache | DB + Read replica | Redis | 52 | 10K-100K | Microservices | Sharded DB | Redis Cluster | 53 | > 100K | Distributed | Multiple DBs | Distributed Cache | 54 55 ## API Design 56 57 ``` 58 # RESTful conventions 59 GET /users # List 60 GET /users/:id # Get one 61 POST /users # Create 62 PUT /users/:id # Update (full) 63 PATCH /users/:id # Update (partial) 64 DELETE /users/:id # Delete 65 66 # Pagination 67 GET /users?page=1&limit=20 68 69 # Filtering 70 GET /users?status=active&role=admin 71 72 # Response format 73 { 74 "data": [...], 75 "meta": { "total": 100, "page": 1 } 76 } 77 ``` 78 79 --- 80 > Converted and distributed by [TomeVault](https://tomevault.io/claim/ripgraphics) — claim your Tome and manage your conversions. 81 <!-- tomevault:4.0:skill_md:2026-04-16 -->
tomevault-io/skills-registry/tree/main/ripgraphics--authorsinfo--system-design-expert commit 7621eea341
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