Supabase Development

Supabase Development

This skill covers working with Supabase in the lexico project, including database migrations, Row Level Security (RLS) policies, Edge Functions, and TypeScript type generation.

Overview

The lexico application uses Supabase for:

• PostgreSQL database with RLS policies
• Authentication via multiple OAuth providers
• Edge Functions for server-side logic
• Storage for user-generated content

For comprehensive architecture and patterns, see applications/lexico/AGENTS.md.

Development Workflow

Local Environment

# Start local Supabase (Docker-based)
nx run lexico:supabase:start

# Stop local environment
nx run lexico:supabase:stop

# Reset database (destructive)
nx run lexico:supabase:reset

The local environment runs on:

• PostgreSQL: localhost:54322
• API: http://localhost:54321
• Studio: http://localhost:54323

Type Generation

After any schema changes, regenerate TypeScript types:

# Generate types from schema
nx run lexico:supabase:generate-types

This creates/updates applications/lexico/src/lib/database.types.ts with:

• Table definitions
• RPC function signatures
• Enum types
• View definitions

IMPORTANT: Always regenerate types after schema changes or your build will fail type checking.

After Schema Changes (Checklist)

nx run lexico:supabase:database-diff
nx run lexico:supabase:generate-types
nx run lexico:test:integration

See testing-strategy for test naming and target patterns.

Database Migrations

Creating Migrations

# Make changes in Supabase Studio (http://localhost:54323)
# Then generate a migration file

nx run lexico:supabase:database-diff --name="add_bookmarks_table"

This creates a new migration file in applications/lexico/supabase/migrations/ with the schema diff.

Migration Files

Migrations are timestamped SQL files:

supabase/migrations/
  20240101120000_initial_schema.sql
  20240115093000_add_bookmarks_table.sql
  20240120154500_add_rls_policies.sql

Applying Migrations

Migrations are applied automatically when:

• Starting local environment (nx run lexico:supabase:start)
• Deploying to production (via Supabase CLI)

Migration Best Practices

1. One logical change per migration - easier to review and rollback
2. Include both up and down migrations when possible
3. Test locally first before deploying to production
4. Use transactions for multi-statement migrations
5. Add comments explaining complex changes

Example migration:

-- Add bookmarks table for user favorites
CREATE TABLE bookmarks (
  id uuid PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
  user_id uuid REFERENCES auth.users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
  word_id text NOT NULL,
  created_at timestamptz DEFAULT now()
);

-- Create index for faster lookups
CREATE INDEX bookmarks_user_id_idx ON bookmarks(user_id);

-- Enable RLS
ALTER TABLE bookmarks ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;

-- Users can only see their own bookmarks
CREATE POLICY "Users can view own bookmarks"
  ON bookmarks FOR SELECT
  USING (auth.uid() = user_id);

Row Level Security (RLS)

RLS Policy Patterns

The lexico database enforces RLS on all user-facing tables. Common patterns:

User-owned resources:

CREATE POLICY "Users can manage own bookmarks"
  ON bookmarks FOR ALL
  USING (auth.uid() = user_id)
  WITH CHECK (auth.uid() = user_id);

Public read, authenticated write:

CREATE POLICY "Public can read words"
  ON words FOR SELECT
  USING (true);

CREATE POLICY "Authenticated users can add words"
  ON words FOR INSERT
  TO authenticated
  WITH CHECK (true);

Admin-only access:

CREATE POLICY "Admins can manage users"
  ON user_profiles FOR ALL
  USING (auth.jwt() ->> 'role' = 'admin');

Testing RLS Policies

Test policies in Supabase Studio SQL Editor with different user contexts:

-- Set user context
SET LOCAL role TO authenticated;
SET LOCAL "request.jwt.claims" TO '{"sub": "user-uuid-here"}';

-- Test query
SELECT * FROM bookmarks; -- Should only return user's bookmarks

Authentication Flow

OAuth Configuration

lexico supports multiple OAuth providers configured in Supabase:

• Google OAuth
• GitHub OAuth
• Twitter OAuth

Configuration is in Supabase project settings → Authentication → Providers.

Session Management

Authentication uses cookie-based sessions for SSR compatibility:

1. User authenticates via OAuth provider
2. Supabase returns session tokens
3. TanStack Start server sets secure HTTP-only cookies
4. Subsequent requests include cookies for server-side auth
5. RLS policies enforce data access based on auth.uid()

See applications/lexico/AGENTS.md for detailed authentication flow diagrams.

Client-Side Auth

import { createBrowserClient } from "@/lib/supabase.client";

const supabase = createBrowserClient();

// Sign in
const { data, error } = await supabase.auth.signInWithOAuth({
  provider: "google",
  options: {
    redirectTo: `${window.location.origin}/auth/callback`,
  },
});

// Sign out
await supabase.auth.signOut();

Server-Side Auth

import { createServerClient } from "@/lib/supabase.server";

export const getUser = async () => {
  const supabase = await createServerClient();
  const {
    data: { user },
    error,
  } = await supabase.auth.getUser();
  return user;
};

Edge Functions

Edge Functions run on Supabase's global network. Use for:

• Webhooks
• Scheduled tasks
• Complex server-side logic
• External API integrations

Creating Edge Functions

# Create new Edge Function
supabase functions new my-function

# Serve locally
supabase functions serve my-function

# Deploy to production
supabase functions deploy my-function

Edge Functions are TypeScript files in supabase/functions/:

supabase/functions/
  my-function/
    index.ts

Edge Function Example

import { serve } from "https://deno.land/std@0.168.0/http/server.ts";
import { createClient } from "https://esm.sh/@supabase/supabase-js@2";

serve(async (req) => {
  const supabase = createClient(
    Deno.env.get("SUPABASE_URL") ?? "",
    Deno.env.get("SUPABASE_ANON_KEY") ?? "",
  );

  // Get user from Authorization header
  const authHeader = req.headers.get("Authorization")!;
  const token = authHeader.replace("Bearer ", "");
  const {
    data: { user },
  } = await supabase.auth.getUser(token);

  if (!user) {
    return new Response("Unauthorized", { status: 401 });
  }

  // Function logic here
  return new Response(JSON.stringify({ success: true }), {
    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
  });
});

Database Schema

Key Tables

The lexico database includes:

• users: User profiles and preferences
• bookmarks: User-saved words
• word_library: Custom word collections
• search_history: User search tracking

See database migrations in applications/lexico/supabase/migrations/ for complete schema.

RPC Functions

Stored procedures for complex queries:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION search_words(
  query text,
  limit_count int DEFAULT 20
)
RETURNS TABLE (word_id text, rank numeric)
LANGUAGE plpgsql
AS $$
BEGIN
  RETURN QUERY
  SELECT id, ts_rank(search_vector, plainto_tsquery('latin', query))
  FROM words
  WHERE search_vector @@ plainto_tsquery('latin', query)
  ORDER BY rank DESC
  LIMIT limit_count;
END;
$$;

Call from TypeScript:

const { data, error } = await supabase.rpc("search_words", {
  query: "amor",
  limit_count: 20,
});

Environment Variables

Local Development

Supabase local environment uses these variables (auto-configured):

SUPABASE_URL=http://localhost:54321
SUPABASE_ANON_KEY=<local-anon-key>
SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY=<local-service-key>

Production

Production credentials are in Supabase project settings:

SUPABASE_URL=https://<project-id>.supabase.co
SUPABASE_ANON_KEY=<production-anon-key>
SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY=<production-service-key>

NEVER commit service role keys to version control.

Common Tasks

Seed Database

Create seed data in supabase/seed.sql:

-- Insert test data
INSERT INTO words (id, latin, english) VALUES
  ('amor', 'amor', 'love'),
  ('vita', 'vita', 'life');

Apply seeds:

nx run lexico:supabase:reset  # Includes seeding

Backup Database

# Export schema and data
supabase db dump -f backup.sql

# Schema only
supabase db dump --schema-only -f schema.sql

Debug RLS Policies

Enable RLS logging in SQL:

ALTER DATABASE postgres SET log_statement = 'all';

View logs in Supabase Studio → Logs → Database.

Troubleshooting

Type generation fails:

• Ensure local Supabase is running
• Check for SQL syntax errors in migrations
• Verify all tables have primary keys

RLS policy blocks queries:

• Check auth.uid() in SQL editor
• Verify user is authenticated
• Review policy USING/WITH CHECK clauses

Migration conflicts:

• Reset local database: nx run lexico:supabase:reset
• Check for duplicate migration timestamps
• Ensure migrations are idempotent

Related Documentation

• applications/lexico/AGENTS.md - Lexico architecture
• applications/lexico/README.md - Getting started
• Supabase Docs - Official documentation

Best Practices

1. Always enable RLS on user-facing tables
2. Test policies thoroughly with different user contexts
3. Use TypeScript types for type safety
4. Regenerate types after every schema change
5. Write migrations incrementally for easier review
6. Use transactions for multi-statement operations
7. Index foreign keys for better query performance
8. Document RLS policies with SQL comments

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