Test Driven Development

SKILL: Test-Driven Development

Purpose: Red-Green-Refactor cycle for reliable code with tests Target: Coder agent implementing features or bugfixes

Quick Start

When to Use This Skill

• Implementing new features
• Fixing bugs
• Refactoring existing code
• Adding new functionality

Quick Reference

Core Concepts

The TDD Cycle

Step 1: RED - Write a failing test

// src/auth.service.test.ts
describe('AuthService', () => {
  it('should authenticate valid user', async () => {
    const service = new AuthService();
    const result = await service.authenticate('user@example.com', 'password');
    expect(result).toBe(true);
  });
});

Verify test fails: npm test → FAIL: AuthService is not defined

Step 2: GREEN - Write minimal code to pass

// src/auth.service.ts
export class AuthService {
  async authenticate(email: string, password: string): Promise<boolean> {
    return true;  // Minimal implementation
  }
}

Verify test passes: npm test → PASS

Step 3: REFACTOR - Clean up

// src/auth.service.ts
export class AuthService {
  constructor(private users: UserRepository) {}

  async authenticate(email: string, password: string): Promise<boolean> {
    const user = await this.users.findByEmail(email);
    if (!user) return false;
    return await user.verifyPassword(password);
  }
}

Verify tests still pass: npm test && npm run lint → PASS

Test Patterns

Arrange-Act-Assert

it('should calculate total with discount', () => {
  const cart = new Cart();  // Arrange
  cart.applyDiscount('SUMMER20');  // Act
  expect(cart.total).toBe(80);  // Assert
});

Given-When-Then

it('should reject invalid card', () => {
  const payment = new PaymentService();  // Given
  const result = payment.process({ number: 'invalid' }, 100);  // When
  expect(result.success).toBe(false);  // Then
});

Test Coverage

Coverage Targets

• Overall: ≥80% line coverage
• Core modules: ≥90% line coverage
• Critical paths: 100% coverage

Measure Coverage

npm test -- --coverage  # Generate report
open coverage/lcov-report/index.html  # View in browser

Common Patterns

Testing Async Code

// Promise-based
it('should fetch user', async () => {
  const user = await service.getUser(1);
  expect(user.name).toBe('Alice');
});

// Callback-based
it('should emit event', (done) => {
  service.on('event', (data) => {
    expect(data).toBe('expected');
    done();
  });
  service.trigger();
});

// Timer-based
jest.useFakeTimers();
it('should timeout after 5s', () => {
  service.start();
  jest.advanceTimersByTime(5000);
  expect(service.timedOut).toBe(true);
});

Mocking Dependencies

const mockRepository = {
  findByEmail: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: 1, email: 'test@example.com' })
};
const service = new AuthService(mockRepository);

await service.authenticate('test@example.com', 'password');
expect(mockRepository.findByEmail).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test@example.com');

Error Testing

it('should throw on invalid input', () => {
  expect(() => service.validate(null)).toThrow('Invalid input');
  expect(() => service.validate('')).toThrow('Email required');
});

Ralph Loop Integration

Autonomous iteration until all tests pass:

1. Entry: Immediately after first code change
2. Max iterations: 7
3. Verification: Tests, type-check, lint, coverage
4. Exit: All quality gates pass

See: @.claude/skills/ralph-loop/SKILL.md

Quality Gates

After implementation:

• All tests pass (npm test)
• Coverage ≥80% overall, ≥90% core (npm test -- --coverage)
• Type check clean (npm run type-check)
• Lint clean (npm run lint)
• No console.log statements (use proper logging)

Related Skills

• ralph-loop: Autonomous iteration until all tests pass
• code-quality-gates: Formatting, type-check, linting
• vibe-coding: Code quality standards (≤50 lines/function)

Version: claude-pilot 4.2.0

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