RDS CloudFormation Reference
This file contains detailed reference information for Amazon RDS CloudFormation resources.
Table of Contents
AWS::RDS::DBInstance
The AWS::RDS::DBInstance resource creates an Amazon RDS DB instance.
Required Properties
| Property |
Type |
Description |
| DBInstanceClass |
String |
The compute and memory capacity of the DB instance |
| Engine |
String |
The name of the database engine |
Optional Properties
| Property |
Type |
Default |
Description |
| AllocatedStorage |
Number |
- |
The allocated storage size in gibibytes (GiB) |
| AutoMinorVersionUpgrade |
Boolean |
true |
Whether minor version upgrades are applied automatically |
| AvailabilityZone |
String |
- |
The AZ for the DB instance |
| BackupRetentionPeriod |
Number |
1 |
The number of days to retain automated backups |
| DBInstanceIdentifier |
String |
- |
The identifier for the DB instance |
| DBName |
String |
- |
The name of the initial database |
| DBParameterGroupName |
String |
- |
The parameter group to associate |
| DBSecurityGroups |
List |
- |
EC2-Classic security groups |
| DBSubnetGroupName |
String |
- |
The subnet group for the DB instance |
| DeletionProtection |
Boolean |
false |
Whether deletion protection is enabled |
| EnableIAMDatabaseAuthentication |
Boolean |
false |
Whether IAM auth is enabled |
| EnablePerformanceInsights |
Boolean |
false |
Whether Performance Insights is enabled |
| EngineVersion |
String |
- |
The version number of the database engine |
| KmsKeyId |
String |
- |
The KMS key for encryption |
| LicenseModel |
String |
- |
The license model |
| MasterUsername |
String |
- |
The master username |
| MasterUserPassword |
String |
- |
The master user password |
| MonitoringInterval |
Number |
0 |
The interval for monitoring |
| MonitoringRoleArn |
String |
- |
The IAM role for monitoring |
| MultiAZ |
Boolean |
false |
Whether it's a Multi-AZ deployment |
| PerformanceInsightsKMSKeyId |
String |
- |
The KMS key for Performance Insights |
| PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod |
Number |
7 |
The retention period for PI data |
| Port |
Number |
- |
The port number |
| PreferredBackupWindow |
String |
- |
The backup window |
| PreferredMaintenanceWindow |
String |
- |
The maintenance window |
| PubliclyAccessible |
Boolean |
false |
Whether it's publicly accessible |
| SourceDBInstanceIdentifier |
String |
- |
The source DB instance identifier |
| StorageEncrypted |
Boolean |
false |
Whether storage is encrypted |
| StorageType |
String |
gp2 |
The storage type |
| Tags |
List |
- |
Tags for the DB instance |
| VPCSecurityGroups |
List |
- |
VPC security groups |
Important Attributes
| Attribute |
Description |
| Endpoint.Address |
The DNS address of the DB instance |
| Endpoint.Port |
The port number |
| Endpoint.HostedZoneId |
The hosted zone ID |
| Arn |
The ARN of the DB instance |
| DBInstanceArn |
The ARN of the DB instance |
Important Notes
- MasterUserPassword: Use
NoEcho: true to hide the password
- StorageEncrypted: Required for Multi-AZ and some instance types
- MultiAZ: Creates a standby in a different AZ
- DeletionProtection: Prevents accidental deletion, required for production
- SourceDBInstanceIdentifier: Use for creating read replicas
Example
Resources:
MyDBInstance:
Type: AWS::RDS::DBInstance
Properties:
DBInstanceIdentifier: mydbinstance
DBInstanceClass: db.t3.medium
Engine: mysql
EngineVersion: "8.0.35"
MasterUsername: admin
MasterUserPassword: !Ref DBPassword
AllocatedStorage: 100
StorageType: gp3
DBSubnetGroupName: !Ref DBSubnetGroup
VPCSecurityGroups:
- !Ref DBSecurityGroup
StorageEncrypted: true
MultiAZ: true
BackupRetentionPeriod: 35
DeletionProtection: true
AWS::RDS::DBCluster
The AWS::RDS::DBCluster resource creates an Amazon Aurora DB cluster.
Required Properties
| Property |
Type |
Description |
| Engine |
String |
The name of the database engine |
Optional Properties
| Property |
Type |
Default |
Description |
| AssociatedRoles |
List |
- |
IAM roles associated with the cluster |
| AvailabilityZones |
List |
- |
The Availability Zones |
| BacktrackWindow |
Number |
0 |
The backtrack window |
| BackupRetentionPeriod |
Number |
1 |
The number of days for backups |
| ClusterIdentifier |
String |
- |
The cluster identifier |
| DatabaseName |
String |
- |
The name of the initial database |
| DBClusterInstanceClass |
String |
- |
The compute and memory capacity |
| DBClusterParameterGroupName |
String |
- |
The cluster parameter group |
| DBSubnetGroupName |
String |
- |
The subnet group |
| DeletionProtection |
Boolean |
false |
Whether deletion protection is enabled |
| EnableCloudwatchLogsExports |
List |
- |
Log types to export |
| EnableHttpEndpoint |
Boolean |
false |
Whether HTTP endpoint is enabled |
| EnableIAMDatabaseAuthentication |
Boolean |
false |
Whether IAM auth is enabled |
| EngineMode |
String |
- |
The engine mode (provisioned or serverless) |
| EngineVersion |
String |
- |
The engine version |
| GlobalClusterIdentifier |
String |
- |
The global cluster identifier |
| KmsKeyId |
String |
- |
The KMS key for encryption |
| MasterUsername |
String |
- |
The master username |
| MasterUserPassword |
String |
- |
The master user password |
| Port |
Number |
- |
The port number |
| PreferredBackupWindow |
String |
- |
The backup window |
| PreferredMaintenanceWindow |
String |
- |
The maintenance window |
| ReplicationSourceIdentifier |
String |
- |
The source for replication |
| ScalingConfiguration |
Map |
- |
Serverless scaling configuration |
| StorageEncrypted |
Boolean |
false |
Whether storage is encrypted |
| Tags |
List |
- |
Tags for the cluster |
| VPCSecurityGroups |
List |
- |
VPC security groups |
Important Attributes
| Attribute |
Description |
| Endpoint |
The writer endpoint |
| ReadEndpoint |
The reader endpoint |
| Endpoint.Address |
The endpoint address |
| Endpoint.Port |
The port number |
| Arn |
The ARN of the DB cluster |
Engine Modes
- provisioned: Traditional provisioned capacity
- serverless: Auto-scaling capacity
- parallelquery: Optimized for analytics
- global: Global database (used with GlobalClusterIdentifier)
ScalingConfiguration (Serverless)
ScalingConfiguration:
AutoPause: true
MinCapacity: 2
MaxCapacity: 16
SecondsUntilAutoPause: 300
Example
Resources:
MyDBCluster:
Type: AWS::RDS::DBCluster
Properties:
DBClusterIdentifier: my-aurora-cluster
Engine: aurora-mysql
EngineVersion: "8.0.mysql_aurora.3.02.0"
MasterUsername: admin
MasterUserPassword: !Ref DBPassword
DatabaseName: mydb
DBSubnetGroupName: !Ref DBSubnetGroup
VPCSecurityGroups:
- !Ref DBSecurityGroup
StorageEncrypted: true
EngineMode: provisioned
Port: 3306
EnableIAMDatabaseAuthentication: true
BackupRetentionPeriod: 35
DeletionProtection: true
MyDBInstanceWriter:
Type: AWS::RDS::DBInstance
Properties:
DBInstanceIdentifier: my-writer
DBClusterIdentifier: !Ref MyDBCluster
Engine: aurora-mysql
DBInstanceClass: db.r5.large
PromotionTier: 1
AWS::RDS::DBParameterGroup
The AWS::RDS::DBParameterGroup resource creates a custom parameter group for a DB instance.
Required Properties
| Property |
Type |
Description |
| Description |
String |
The description of the parameter group |
| Family |
String |
The parameter group family |
Optional Properties
| Property |
Type |
Description |
| DBParameterGroupName |
String |
The name of the parameter group |
| Parameters |
Map |
The parameters to set |
| Tags |
List |
Tags for the parameter group |
Common Parameters for MySQL
Parameters:
# Connection settings
max_connections: 200
max_user_connections: 200
# Memory settings
innodb_buffer_pool_size: 1073741824
innodb_buffer_pool_instances: 4
# Query cache (MySQL 5.7 only)
query_cache_type: 1
query_cache_size: 268435456
# Character set
character_set_server: utf8mb4
collation_server: utf8mb4_unicode_ci
# Logging
slow_query_log: "ON"
long_query_time: 2
log_queries_not_using_indexes: "ON"
log_error_verbosity: 3
# Timezone
default_time_zone: "+00:00"
# Timeout
wait_timeout: 28800
interactive_timeout: 28800
Common Parameters for PostgreSQL
Parameters:
# Connection settings
max_connections: 200
superuser_reserved_connections: 3
# Memory settings
shared_buffers: 524288
work_mem: 4096
maintenance_work_mem: 524288
effective_cache_size: 1572864
# Query settings
log_min_duration_statement: 2000
log_connections: "ON"
log_disconnections: "ON"
log_lock_waits: "ON"
# Temporary files
log_temp_files: 0
# Character set
client_encoding: UTF8
server_encoding: UTF8
Example
Resources:
MyDBParameterGroup:
Type: AWS::RDS::DBParameterGroup
Properties:
Description: MySQL 8.0 parameter group
Family: mysql8.0
Parameters:
max_connections: 200
innodb_buffer_pool_size: 1073741824
character_set_server: utf8mb4
collation_server: utf8mb4_unicode_ci
slow_query_log: "ON"
long_query_time: 2
AWS::RDS::DBClusterParameterGroup
The AWS::RDS::DBClusterParameterGroup resource creates a custom parameter group for a DB cluster (Aurora).
Required Properties
| Property |
Type |
Description |
| Description |
String |
The description of the parameter group |
| Family |
String |
The parameter group family |
Optional Properties
| Property |
Type |
Description |
| DBClusterParameterGroupName |
String |
The name of the parameter group |
| Parameters |
Map |
The parameters to set |
| Tags |
List |
Tags for the parameter group |
Common Parameters for Aurora MySQL
Parameters:
# Connection settings
max_connections: 1000
max_connections_per_hour: 0
# Memory settings
innodb_buffer_pool_size: 2147483648
innodb_buffer_pool_instances: 4
# Query cache (Aurora MySQL 5.7 only)
query_cache_type: 1
query_cache_size: 268435456
# Character set
character_set_server: utf8mb4
collation_server: utf8mb4_unicode_ci
# Logging
slow_query_log: "ON"
long_query_time: 2
# Aurora-specific
aurora_enable_repl_bin_logging: 0
aurora_use_relay_logs: 1
Common Parameters for Aurora PostgreSQL
Parameters:
# Connection settings
max_connections: 1000
# Memory settings
shared_buffers: 2097152
work_mem: 32768
maintenance_work_mem: 524288
effective_cache_size: 6291456
# Logging
log_min_duration_statement: 2000
log_connections: "ON"
log_disconnections: "ON"
# Aurora-specific
rds.accepted_password_auth_max_retries: 10
Example
Resources:
MyDBClusterParameterGroup:
Type: AWS::RDS::DBClusterParameterGroup
Properties:
Description: Aurora MySQL 8.0 parameter group
Family: aurora-mysql8.0
Parameters:
max_connections: 1000
innodb_buffer_pool_size: 2147483648
character_set_server: utf8mb4
collation_server: utf8mb4_unicode_ci
slow_query_log: "ON"
long_query_time: 2
AWS::RDS::DBSubnetGroup
The AWS::RDS::DBSubnetGroup resource creates a DB subnet group for a DB instance or cluster.
Required Properties
| Property |
Type |
Description |
| DBSubnetGroupDescription |
String |
The description of the subnet group |
| SubnetIds |
List |
The IDs of the subnets |
Optional Properties
| Property |
Type |
Description |
| DBSubnetGroupName |
String |
The name of the subnet group |
| Tags |
List |
Tags for the subnet group |
Requirements
- Must include at least 2 subnets in different Availability Zones
- Subnets must be in the same VPC
- All subnets must have available IP addresses
Example
Resources:
MyDBSubnetGroup:
Type: AWS::RDS::DBSubnetGroup
Properties:
DBSubnetGroupDescription: Subnet group for production RDS
DBSubnetGroupName: production-rds-subnet-group
SubnetIds:
- !Ref PrivateSubnet1
- !Ref PrivateSubnet2
- !Ref PrivateSubnet3
Tags:
- Key: Environment
Value: production
AWS::RDS::DBOptionGroup
The AWS::RDS::DBOptionGroup resource creates a DB option group for database features.
Required Properties
| Property |
Type |
Description |
| EngineName |
String |
The database engine name |
| MajorEngineVersion |
String |
The major engine version |
| OptionGroupDescription |
String |
The description of the option group |
Optional Properties
| Property |
Type |
Description |
| OptionGroupName |
String |
The name of the option group |
| Options |
List |
The options to configure |
| Tags |
List |
Tags for the option group |
Options
Oracle Options
Options:
- OptionName: OEM
OptionVersion: "19"
Port: 5500
VpcSecurityGroupMemberships:
- !Ref OEMSecurityGroup
OptionSettings:
- Name: OMS_HOST
Value: oms.example.com
- Name: OMS_PORT
Value: "9900"
- OptionName: SSL
OptionSettings:
- Name: SQLNET.SSL_VERSION
Value: "1.2"
- Name: SQLNET.CIPHER_SUITE
Value: "SSL_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA"
- OptionName: APEX
OptionVersion: "22.1.0"
OptionSettings:
- Name: APEX_LISTENER_PORT
Value: "8080"
- Name: APEX_WS_PORT
Value: "8181"
SQL Server Options
Options:
- OptionName: SQLSERVER_BACKUP
OptionSettings:
- Name: BACKUP_RETENTION_PERIOD
Value: "15"
- OptionName: SQLSERVER_AUDIT
OptionSettings:
- Name: S3_BUCKET_ARN
Value: !Ref AuditLogBucketArn
- Name: IAM_ROLE_ARN
Value: !GetAtt AuditRole.Arn
Example
Resources:
MyDBOptionGroup:
Type: AWS::RDS::DBOptionGroup
Properties:
EngineName: oracle-ee
MajorEngineVersion: "19"
OptionGroupDescription: Oracle 19c option group with OEM
OptionGroupName: oracle-19c-oem
Options:
- OptionName: OEM
OptionVersion: "19"
Port: 5500
VpcSecurityGroupMemberships:
- !Ref OEMSecurityGroup
- OptionName: SSL
OptionSettings:
- Name: SQLNET.SSL_VERSION
Value: "1.2"
AWS::RDS::EventSubscription
The AWS::RDS::EventSubscription resource creates an event subscription for RDS events.
Required Properties
| Property |
Type |
Description |
| SnsTopicArn |
String |
The ARN of the SNS topic |
| SourceType |
String |
The source type (db-instance, db-cluster, etc.) |
Optional Properties
| Property |
Type |
Default |
Description |
| Enabled |
Boolean |
true |
Whether the subscription is enabled |
| EventCategories |
List |
- |
The event categories |
| SourceIds |
List |
- |
The source identifiers |
| SubscriptionName |
String |
- |
The name of the subscription |
Event Categories
| Category |
Description |
| availability |
Availability zone issues |
| backup |
Backup operations |
| configuration change |
Configuration changes |
| creation |
Resource creation |
| deletion |
Resource deletion |
| failover |
Failover events |
| low storage |
Storage issues |
| maintenance |
Maintenance events |
| notification |
General notifications |
| read replica |
Read replica events |
| recovery |
Recovery events |
| restoration |
Restoration events |
Example
Resources:
MyEventSubscription:
Type: AWS::RDS::EventSubscription
Properties:
SnsTopicArn: !Ref NotificationTopic
SourceType: db-instance
EventCategories:
- availability
- backup
- configuration change
- deletion
- failover
- maintenance
SourceIds:
- !Ref MyDBInstance
Enabled: true
Engine Versions and Families
MySQL
| Family |
Versions |
| mysql5.6 |
5.6.40, 5.6.41, 5.6.42, 5.6.44, 5.6.51 |
| mysql5.7 |
5.7.26, 5.7.30, 5.7.32, 5.7.33, 5.7.37, 5.7.38, 5.7.39, 5.7.40, 5.7.41, 5.7.42 |
| mysql8.0 |
8.0.11, 8.0.16, 8.0.17, 8.0.20, 8.0.23, 8.0.25, 8.0.26, 8.0.28, 8.0.32, 8.0.33, 8.0.35 |
PostgreSQL
| Family |
Versions |
| postgres11 |
11.9, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12, 11.13, 11.14, 11.15, 11.16, 11.17, 11.18, 11.20, 11.21, 11.22 |
| postgres12 |
12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11, 12.12, 12.13, 12.14, 12.15, 12.17 |
| postgres13 |
13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 13.10, 13.11, 13.12, 13.13, 13.14, 13.15 |
| postgres14 |
14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9, 14.10, 14.11, 14.12, 14.13, 14.14 |
| postgres15 |
15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, 15.6, 15.7, 15.8 |
| postgres16 |
16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4 |
Aurora MySQL
| Family |
Versions |
| aurora5.6 |
5.6.mysql_aurora.1.19.0, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.19.1, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.19.2, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.19.5, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.22.0, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.22.1, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.22.2, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.22.3, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.23.0, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.23.1 |
| aurora-mysql5.7 |
5.7.mysql_aurora.2.07.0, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.07.1, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.07.2, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.07.3, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.07.4, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.07.5, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.07.6, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.08.0, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.09.0, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.09.1, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.10.0, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.10.1, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.10.2, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.11.0, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.11.1, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.12.0 |
| aurora-mysql8.0 |
8.0.mysql_aurora.3.01.0, 8.0.mysql_aurora.3.01.1, 8.0.mysql_aurora.3.02.0, 8.0.mysql_aurora.3.02.1, 8.0.mysql_aurora.3.03.0, 8.0.mysql_aurora.3.04.0, 8.0.mysql_aurora.3.05.0 |
Aurora PostgreSQL
| Family |
Versions |
| aurora-postgresql11 |
11.9, 11.13, 11.14, 11.17, 11.18, 11.19, 11.20, 11.21 |
| aurora-postgresql12 |
12.4, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11, 12.12, 12.13, 12.14 |
| aurora-postgresql13 |
13.3, 13.4, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 13.10, 13.11, 13.12, 13.13, 13.14 |
| aurora-postgresql14 |
14.1, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9, 14.10, 14.11, 14.12 |
| aurora-postgresql15 |
15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, 15.6, 15.7, 15.8 |
Instance Classes
General Purpose (Burstable)
| Instance Class |
vCPU |
Memory (GiB) |
| db.t3.micro |
2 |
1 |
| db.t3.small |
2 |
2 |
| db.t3.medium |
2 |
4 |
| db.t3.large |
2 |
8 |
| db.t3.xlarge |
4 |
16 |
| db.t3.2xlarge |
8 |
32 |
General Purpose (Provisioned IOPS)
| Instance Class |
vCPU |
Memory (GiB) |
| db.m5.large |
2 |
8 |
| db.m5.xlarge |
4 |
16 |
| db.m5.2xlarge |
8 |
32 |
| db.m5.4xlarge |
16 |
64 |
| db.m5.8xlarge |
32 |
128 |
| db.m5.12xlarge |
48 |
192 |
| db.m5.16xlarge |
64 |
256 |
| db.m5.24xlarge |
96 |
384 |
Memory Optimized
| Instance Class |
vCPU |
Memory (GiB) |
| db.r5.large |
2 |
16 |
| db.r5.xlarge |
4 |
32 |
| db.r5.2xlarge |
8 |
64 |
| db.r5.4xlarge |
16 |
128 |
| db.r5.8xlarge |
32 |
256 |
| db.r5.12xlarge |
48 |
384 |
| db.r5.16xlarge |
64 |
512 |
| db.r5.24xlarge |
96 |
768 |
Aurora-Specific
| Instance Class |
vCPU |
Memory (GiB) |
Use Case |
| db.t3.medium |
2 |
4 |
Development/test |
| db.r5.large |
2 |
16 |
Production-small |
| db.r5.xlarge |
4 |
32 |
Production-medium |
| db.r5.2xlarge |
8 |
64 |
Production-large |
| db.r5.4xlarge |
16 |
128 |
Production-xlarge |
| db.r6g.large |
2 |
16 |
Graviton-small |
| db.r6g.xlarge |
4 |
32 |
Graviton-medium |
| db.r6g.2xlarge |
8 |
64 |
Graviton-large |
Common Configuration Options
Storage Types
| Storage Type |
Description |
Use Case |
| gp2 |
General Purpose SSD |
Most workloads |
| gp3 |
General Purpose SSD (latest) |
Cost-effective, flexible IOPS |
| io1 |
Provisioned IOPS SSD |
I/O-intensive, predictable performance |
| io2 |
Provisioned IOPS SSD (newer) |
Highest durability, 99.999% SLA |
Storage Encryption
StorageEncrypted: true
KmsKeyId: !Ref EncryptionKey
Multi-AZ Deployment
MultiAZ: true
Performance Insights
EnablePerformanceInsights: true
PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod: 731 # 2 years
PerformanceInsightsKMSKeyId: !Ref PIKey
Enhanced Monitoring
MonitoringInterval: 60 # seconds
MonitoringRoleArn: !GetAtt MonitoringRole.Arn
CloudWatch Logs Export
EnableCloudwatchLogsExports:
- audit
- error
- general
- slowquery
IAM Database Authentication
EnableIAMDatabaseAuthentication: true
Deletion Protection
DeletionProtection: true
Automatic Minor Version Upgrades
AutoMinorVersionUpgrade: false # Disable for production
Backup Settings
BackupRetentionPeriod: 35 # 35 days for production
PreferredBackupWindow: "07:00-09:00"
Maintenance Settings
PreferredMaintenanceWindow: "sun:04:00-sun:05:00"
AutoMinorVersionUpgrade: false
Useful Links
1---2name: rds-cloudformation-reference3description: This file contains detailed reference information for Amazon RDS CloudFormation resources.4---5# RDS CloudFormation Reference67This file contains detailed reference information for Amazon RDS CloudFormation resources.89## Table of Contents1011- [AWS::RDS::DBInstance](#awsrdsdbinstance)12- [AWS::RDS::DBCluster](#awsrdsdbcluster)13- [AWS::RDS::DBParameterGroup](#awsrdsdbparametergroup)14- [AWS::RDS::DBClusterParameterGroup](#awsrdsdbclusterparametergroup)15- [AWS::RDS::DBSubnetGroup](#awsrdsdbsubnetgroup)16- [AWS::RDS::DBOptionGroup](#awsrdsdboptiongroup)17- [AWS::RDS::EventSubscription](#awsrdseventsubscription)18- [Engine Versions and Families](#engine-versions-and-families)19- [Instance Classes](#instance-classes)20- [Common Configuration Options](#common-configuration-options)2122---2324## AWS::RDS::DBInstance2526The `AWS::RDS::DBInstance` resource creates an Amazon RDS DB instance.2728### Required Properties2930| Property | Type | Description |31|----------|------|-------------|32| DBInstanceClass | String | The compute and memory capacity of the DB instance |33| Engine | String | The name of the database engine |3435### Optional Properties3637| Property | Type | Default | Description |38|----------|------|---------|-------------|39| AllocatedStorage | Number | - | The allocated storage size in gibibytes (GiB) |40| AutoMinorVersionUpgrade | Boolean | true | Whether minor version upgrades are applied automatically |41| AvailabilityZone | String | - | The AZ for the DB instance |42| BackupRetentionPeriod | Number | 1 | The number of days to retain automated backups |43| DBInstanceIdentifier | String | - | The identifier for the DB instance |44| DBName | String | - | The name of the initial database |45| DBParameterGroupName | String | - | The parameter group to associate |46| DBSecurityGroups | List | - | EC2-Classic security groups |47| DBSubnetGroupName | String | - | The subnet group for the DB instance |48| DeletionProtection | Boolean | false | Whether deletion protection is enabled |49| EnableIAMDatabaseAuthentication | Boolean | false | Whether IAM auth is enabled |50| EnablePerformanceInsights | Boolean | false | Whether Performance Insights is enabled |51| EngineVersion | String | - | The version number of the database engine |52| KmsKeyId | String | - | The KMS key for encryption |53| LicenseModel | String | - | The license model |54| MasterUsername | String | - | The master username |55| MasterUserPassword | String | - | The master user password |56| MonitoringInterval | Number | 0 | The interval for monitoring |57| MonitoringRoleArn | String | - | The IAM role for monitoring |58| MultiAZ | Boolean | false | Whether it's a Multi-AZ deployment |59| PerformanceInsightsKMSKeyId | String | - | The KMS key for Performance Insights |60| PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod | Number | 7 | The retention period for PI data |61| Port | Number | - | The port number |62| PreferredBackupWindow | String | - | The backup window |63| PreferredMaintenanceWindow | String | - | The maintenance window |64| PubliclyAccessible | Boolean | false | Whether it's publicly accessible |65| SourceDBInstanceIdentifier | String | - | The source DB instance identifier |66| StorageEncrypted | Boolean | false | Whether storage is encrypted |67| StorageType | String | gp2 | The storage type |68| Tags | List | - | Tags for the DB instance |69| VPCSecurityGroups | List | - | VPC security groups |7071### Important Attributes7273| Attribute | Description |74|-----------|-------------|75| Endpoint.Address | The DNS address of the DB instance |76| Endpoint.Port | The port number |77| Endpoint.HostedZoneId | The hosted zone ID |78| Arn | The ARN of the DB instance |79| DBInstanceArn | The ARN of the DB instance |8081### Important Notes8283- **MasterUserPassword**: Use `NoEcho: true` to hide the password84- **StorageEncrypted**: Required for Multi-AZ and some instance types85- **MultiAZ**: Creates a standby in a different AZ86- **DeletionProtection**: Prevents accidental deletion, required for production87- **SourceDBInstanceIdentifier**: Use for creating read replicas8889### Example9091```yaml92Resources:93 MyDBInstance:94 Type: AWS::RDS::DBInstance95 Properties:96 DBInstanceIdentifier: mydbinstance97 DBInstanceClass: db.t3.medium98 Engine: mysql99 EngineVersion: "8.0.35"100 MasterUsername: admin101 MasterUserPassword: !Ref DBPassword102 AllocatedStorage: 100103 StorageType: gp3104 DBSubnetGroupName: !Ref DBSubnetGroup105 VPCSecurityGroups:106 - !Ref DBSecurityGroup107 StorageEncrypted: true108 MultiAZ: true109 BackupRetentionPeriod: 35110 DeletionProtection: true111```112113---114115## AWS::RDS::DBCluster116117The `AWS::RDS::DBCluster` resource creates an Amazon Aurora DB cluster.118119### Required Properties120121| Property | Type | Description |122|----------|------|-------------|123| Engine | String | The name of the database engine |124125### Optional Properties126127| Property | Type | Default | Description |128|----------|------|---------|-------------|129| AssociatedRoles | List | - | IAM roles associated with the cluster |130| AvailabilityZones | List | - | The Availability Zones |131| BacktrackWindow | Number | 0 | The backtrack window |132| BackupRetentionPeriod | Number | 1 | The number of days for backups |133| ClusterIdentifier | String | - | The cluster identifier |134| DatabaseName | String | - | The name of the initial database |135| DBClusterInstanceClass | String | - | The compute and memory capacity |136| DBClusterParameterGroupName | String | - | The cluster parameter group |137| DBSubnetGroupName | String | - | The subnet group |138| DeletionProtection | Boolean | false | Whether deletion protection is enabled |139| EnableCloudwatchLogsExports | List | - | Log types to export |140| EnableHttpEndpoint | Boolean | false | Whether HTTP endpoint is enabled |141| EnableIAMDatabaseAuthentication | Boolean | false | Whether IAM auth is enabled |142| EngineMode | String | - | The engine mode (provisioned or serverless) |143| EngineVersion | String | - | The engine version |144| GlobalClusterIdentifier | String | - | The global cluster identifier |145| KmsKeyId | String | - | The KMS key for encryption |146| MasterUsername | String | - | The master username |147| MasterUserPassword | String | - | The master user password |148| Port | Number | - | The port number |149| PreferredBackupWindow | String | - | The backup window |150| PreferredMaintenanceWindow | String | - | The maintenance window |151| ReplicationSourceIdentifier | String | - | The source for replication |152| ScalingConfiguration | Map | - | Serverless scaling configuration |153| StorageEncrypted | Boolean | false | Whether storage is encrypted |154| Tags | List | - | Tags for the cluster |155| VPCSecurityGroups | List | - | VPC security groups |156157### Important Attributes158159| Attribute | Description |160|-----------|-------------|161| Endpoint | The writer endpoint |162| ReadEndpoint | The reader endpoint |163| Endpoint.Address | The endpoint address |164| Endpoint.Port | The port number |165| Arn | The ARN of the DB cluster |166167### Engine Modes168169- **provisioned**: Traditional provisioned capacity170- **serverless**: Auto-scaling capacity171- **parallelquery**: Optimized for analytics172- **global**: Global database (used with GlobalClusterIdentifier)173174### ScalingConfiguration (Serverless)175176```yaml177ScalingConfiguration:178 AutoPause: true179 MinCapacity: 2180 MaxCapacity: 16181 SecondsUntilAutoPause: 300182```183184### Example185186```yaml187Resources:188 MyDBCluster:189 Type: AWS::RDS::DBCluster190 Properties:191 DBClusterIdentifier: my-aurora-cluster192 Engine: aurora-mysql193 EngineVersion: "8.0.mysql_aurora.3.02.0"194 MasterUsername: admin195 MasterUserPassword: !Ref DBPassword196 DatabaseName: mydb197 DBSubnetGroupName: !Ref DBSubnetGroup198 VPCSecurityGroups:199 - !Ref DBSecurityGroup200 StorageEncrypted: true201 EngineMode: provisioned202 Port: 3306203 EnableIAMDatabaseAuthentication: true204 BackupRetentionPeriod: 35205 DeletionProtection: true206207 MyDBInstanceWriter:208 Type: AWS::RDS::DBInstance209 Properties:210 DBInstanceIdentifier: my-writer211 DBClusterIdentifier: !Ref MyDBCluster212 Engine: aurora-mysql213 DBInstanceClass: db.r5.large214 PromotionTier: 1215```216217---218219## AWS::RDS::DBParameterGroup220221The `AWS::RDS::DBParameterGroup` resource creates a custom parameter group for a DB instance.222223### Required Properties224225| Property | Type | Description |226|----------|------|-------------|227| Description | String | The description of the parameter group |228| Family | String | The parameter group family |229230### Optional Properties231232| Property | Type | Description |233|----------|------|-------------|234| DBParameterGroupName | String | The name of the parameter group |235| Parameters | Map | The parameters to set |236| Tags | List | Tags for the parameter group |237238### Common Parameters for MySQL239240```yaml241Parameters:242 # Connection settings243 max_connections: 200244 max_user_connections: 200245246 # Memory settings247 innodb_buffer_pool_size: 1073741824248 innodb_buffer_pool_instances: 4249250 # Query cache (MySQL 5.7 only)251 query_cache_type: 1252 query_cache_size: 268435456253254 # Character set255 character_set_server: utf8mb4256 collation_server: utf8mb4_unicode_ci257258 # Logging259 slow_query_log: "ON"260 long_query_time: 2261 log_queries_not_using_indexes: "ON"262 log_error_verbosity: 3263264 # Timezone265 default_time_zone: "+00:00"266267 # Timeout268 wait_timeout: 28800269 interactive_timeout: 28800270```271272### Common Parameters for PostgreSQL273274```yaml275Parameters:276 # Connection settings277 max_connections: 200278 superuser_reserved_connections: 3279280 # Memory settings281 shared_buffers: 524288282 work_mem: 4096283 maintenance_work_mem: 524288284 effective_cache_size: 1572864285286 # Query settings287 log_min_duration_statement: 2000288 log_connections: "ON"289 log_disconnections: "ON"290 log_lock_waits: "ON"291292 # Temporary files293 log_temp_files: 0294295 # Character set296 client_encoding: UTF8297 server_encoding: UTF8298```299300### Example301302```yaml303Resources:304 MyDBParameterGroup:305 Type: AWS::RDS::DBParameterGroup306 Properties:307 Description: MySQL 8.0 parameter group308 Family: mysql8.0309 Parameters:310 max_connections: 200311 innodb_buffer_pool_size: 1073741824312 character_set_server: utf8mb4313 collation_server: utf8mb4_unicode_ci314 slow_query_log: "ON"315 long_query_time: 2316```317318---319320## AWS::RDS::DBClusterParameterGroup321322The `AWS::RDS::DBClusterParameterGroup` resource creates a custom parameter group for a DB cluster (Aurora).323324### Required Properties325326| Property | Type | Description |327|----------|------|-------------|328| Description | String | The description of the parameter group |329| Family | String | The parameter group family |330331### Optional Properties332333| Property | Type | Description |334|----------|------|-------------|335| DBClusterParameterGroupName | String | The name of the parameter group |336| Parameters | Map | The parameters to set |337| Tags | List | Tags for the parameter group |338339### Common Parameters for Aurora MySQL340341```yaml342Parameters:343 # Connection settings344 max_connections: 1000345 max_connections_per_hour: 0346347 # Memory settings348 innodb_buffer_pool_size: 2147483648349 innodb_buffer_pool_instances: 4350351 # Query cache (Aurora MySQL 5.7 only)352 query_cache_type: 1353 query_cache_size: 268435456354355 # Character set356 character_set_server: utf8mb4357 collation_server: utf8mb4_unicode_ci358359 # Logging360 slow_query_log: "ON"361 long_query_time: 2362363 # Aurora-specific364 aurora_enable_repl_bin_logging: 0365 aurora_use_relay_logs: 1366```367368### Common Parameters for Aurora PostgreSQL369370```yaml371Parameters:372 # Connection settings373 max_connections: 1000374375 # Memory settings376 shared_buffers: 2097152377 work_mem: 32768378 maintenance_work_mem: 524288379 effective_cache_size: 6291456380381 # Logging382 log_min_duration_statement: 2000383 log_connections: "ON"384 log_disconnections: "ON"385386 # Aurora-specific387 rds.accepted_password_auth_max_retries: 10388```389390### Example391392```yaml393Resources:394 MyDBClusterParameterGroup:395 Type: AWS::RDS::DBClusterParameterGroup396 Properties:397 Description: Aurora MySQL 8.0 parameter group398 Family: aurora-mysql8.0399 Parameters:400 max_connections: 1000401 innodb_buffer_pool_size: 2147483648402 character_set_server: utf8mb4403 collation_server: utf8mb4_unicode_ci404 slow_query_log: "ON"405 long_query_time: 2406```407408---409410## AWS::RDS::DBSubnetGroup411412The `AWS::RDS::DBSubnetGroup` resource creates a DB subnet group for a DB instance or cluster.413414### Required Properties415416| Property | Type | Description |417|----------|------|-------------|418| DBSubnetGroupDescription | String | The description of the subnet group |419| SubnetIds | List | The IDs of the subnets |420421### Optional Properties422423| Property | Type | Description |424|----------|------|-------------|425| DBSubnetGroupName | String | The name of the subnet group |426| Tags | List | Tags for the subnet group |427428### Requirements429430- Must include at least 2 subnets in different Availability Zones431- Subnets must be in the same VPC432- All subnets must have available IP addresses433434### Example435436```yaml437Resources:438 MyDBSubnetGroup:439 Type: AWS::RDS::DBSubnetGroup440 Properties:441 DBSubnetGroupDescription: Subnet group for production RDS442 DBSubnetGroupName: production-rds-subnet-group443 SubnetIds:444 - !Ref PrivateSubnet1445 - !Ref PrivateSubnet2446 - !Ref PrivateSubnet3447 Tags:448 - Key: Environment449 Value: production450```451452---453454## AWS::RDS::DBOptionGroup455456The `AWS::RDS::DBOptionGroup` resource creates a DB option group for database features.457458### Required Properties459460| Property | Type | Description |461|----------|------|-------------|462| EngineName | String | The database engine name |463| MajorEngineVersion | String | The major engine version |464| OptionGroupDescription | String | The description of the option group |465466### Optional Properties467468| Property | Type | Description |469|----------|------|-------------|470| OptionGroupName | String | The name of the option group |471| Options | List | The options to configure |472| Tags | List | Tags for the option group |473474### Options475476#### Oracle Options477478```yaml479Options:480 - OptionName: OEM481 OptionVersion: "19"482 Port: 5500483 VpcSecurityGroupMemberships:484 - !Ref OEMSecurityGroup485 OptionSettings:486 - Name: OMS_HOST487 Value: oms.example.com488 - Name: OMS_PORT489 Value: "9900"490491 - OptionName: SSL492 OptionSettings:493 - Name: SQLNET.SSL_VERSION494 Value: "1.2"495 - Name: SQLNET.CIPHER_SUITE496 Value: "SSL_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA"497498 - OptionName: APEX499 OptionVersion: "22.1.0"500 OptionSettings:501 - Name: APEX_LISTENER_PORT502 Value: "8080"503 - Name: APEX_WS_PORT504 Value: "8181"505```506507#### SQL Server Options508509```yaml510Options:511 - OptionName: SQLSERVER_BACKUP512 OptionSettings:513 - Name: BACKUP_RETENTION_PERIOD514 Value: "15"515516 - OptionName: SQLSERVER_AUDIT517 OptionSettings:518 - Name: S3_BUCKET_ARN519 Value: !Ref AuditLogBucketArn520 - Name: IAM_ROLE_ARN521 Value: !GetAtt AuditRole.Arn522```523524### Example525526```yaml527Resources:528 MyDBOptionGroup:529 Type: AWS::RDS::DBOptionGroup530 Properties:531 EngineName: oracle-ee532 MajorEngineVersion: "19"533 OptionGroupDescription: Oracle 19c option group with OEM534 OptionGroupName: oracle-19c-oem535 Options:536 - OptionName: OEM537 OptionVersion: "19"538 Port: 5500539 VpcSecurityGroupMemberships:540 - !Ref OEMSecurityGroup541 - OptionName: SSL542 OptionSettings:543 - Name: SQLNET.SSL_VERSION544 Value: "1.2"545```546547---548549## AWS::RDS::EventSubscription550551The `AWS::RDS::EventSubscription` resource creates an event subscription for RDS events.552553### Required Properties554555| Property | Type | Description |556|----------|------|-------------|557| SnsTopicArn | String | The ARN of the SNS topic |558| SourceType | String | The source type (db-instance, db-cluster, etc.) |559560### Optional Properties561562| Property | Type | Default | Description |563|----------|------|---------|-------------|564| Enabled | Boolean | true | Whether the subscription is enabled |565| EventCategories | List | - | The event categories |566| SourceIds | List | - | The source identifiers |567| SubscriptionName | String | - | The name of the subscription |568569### Event Categories570571| Category | Description |572|----------|-------------|573| availability | Availability zone issues |574| backup | Backup operations |575| configuration change | Configuration changes |576| creation | Resource creation |577| deletion | Resource deletion |578| failover | Failover events |579| low storage | Storage issues |580| maintenance | Maintenance events |581| notification | General notifications |582| read replica | Read replica events |583| recovery | Recovery events |584| restoration | Restoration events |585586### Example587588```yaml589Resources:590 MyEventSubscription:591 Type: AWS::RDS::EventSubscription592 Properties:593 SnsTopicArn: !Ref NotificationTopic594 SourceType: db-instance595 EventCategories:596 - availability597 - backup598 - configuration change599 - deletion600 - failover601 - maintenance602 SourceIds:603 - !Ref MyDBInstance604 Enabled: true605```606607---608609## Engine Versions and Families610611### MySQL612613| Family | Versions |614|--------|----------|615| mysql5.6 | 5.6.40, 5.6.41, 5.6.42, 5.6.44, 5.6.51 |616| mysql5.7 | 5.7.26, 5.7.30, 5.7.32, 5.7.33, 5.7.37, 5.7.38, 5.7.39, 5.7.40, 5.7.41, 5.7.42 |617| mysql8.0 | 8.0.11, 8.0.16, 8.0.17, 8.0.20, 8.0.23, 8.0.25, 8.0.26, 8.0.28, 8.0.32, 8.0.33, 8.0.35 |618619### PostgreSQL620621| Family | Versions |622|--------|----------|623| postgres11 | 11.9, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12, 11.13, 11.14, 11.15, 11.16, 11.17, 11.18, 11.20, 11.21, 11.22 |624| postgres12 | 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11, 12.12, 12.13, 12.14, 12.15, 12.17 |625| postgres13 | 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 13.10, 13.11, 13.12, 13.13, 13.14, 13.15 |626| postgres14 | 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9, 14.10, 14.11, 14.12, 14.13, 14.14 |627| postgres15 | 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, 15.6, 15.7, 15.8 |628| postgres16 | 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4 |629630### Aurora MySQL631632| Family | Versions |633|--------|----------|634| aurora5.6 | 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.19.0, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.19.1, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.19.2, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.19.5, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.22.0, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.22.1, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.22.2, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.22.3, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.23.0, 5.6.mysql_aurora.1.23.1 |635| aurora-mysql5.7 | 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.07.0, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.07.1, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.07.2, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.07.3, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.07.4, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.07.5, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.07.6, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.08.0, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.09.0, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.09.1, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.10.0, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.10.1, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.10.2, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.11.0, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.11.1, 5.7.mysql_aurora.2.12.0 |636| aurora-mysql8.0 | 8.0.mysql_aurora.3.01.0, 8.0.mysql_aurora.3.01.1, 8.0.mysql_aurora.3.02.0, 8.0.mysql_aurora.3.02.1, 8.0.mysql_aurora.3.03.0, 8.0.mysql_aurora.3.04.0, 8.0.mysql_aurora.3.05.0 |637638### Aurora PostgreSQL639640| Family | Versions |641|--------|----------|642| aurora-postgresql11 | 11.9, 11.13, 11.14, 11.17, 11.18, 11.19, 11.20, 11.21 |643| aurora-postgresql12 | 12.4, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11, 12.12, 12.13, 12.14 |644| aurora-postgresql13 | 13.3, 13.4, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 13.10, 13.11, 13.12, 13.13, 13.14 |645| aurora-postgresql14 | 14.1, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9, 14.10, 14.11, 14.12 |646| aurora-postgresql15 | 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, 15.6, 15.7, 15.8 |647648---649650## Instance Classes651652### General Purpose (Burstable)653654| Instance Class | vCPU | Memory (GiB) |655|----------------|------|--------------|656| db.t3.micro | 2 | 1 |657| db.t3.small | 2 | 2 |658| db.t3.medium | 2 | 4 |659| db.t3.large | 2 | 8 |660| db.t3.xlarge | 4 | 16 |661| db.t3.2xlarge | 8 | 32 |662663### General Purpose (Provisioned IOPS)664665| Instance Class | vCPU | Memory (GiB) |666|----------------|------|--------------|667| db.m5.large | 2 | 8 |668| db.m5.xlarge | 4 | 16 |669| db.m5.2xlarge | 8 | 32 |670| db.m5.4xlarge | 16 | 64 |671| db.m5.8xlarge | 32 | 128 |672| db.m5.12xlarge | 48 | 192 |673| db.m5.16xlarge | 64 | 256 |674| db.m5.24xlarge | 96 | 384 |675676### Memory Optimized677678| Instance Class | vCPU | Memory (GiB) |679|----------------|------|--------------|680| db.r5.large | 2 | 16 |681| db.r5.xlarge | 4 | 32 |682| db.r5.2xlarge | 8 | 64 |683| db.r5.4xlarge | 16 | 128 |684| db.r5.8xlarge | 32 | 256 |685| db.r5.12xlarge | 48 | 384 |686| db.r5.16xlarge | 64 | 512 |687| db.r5.24xlarge | 96 | 768 |688689### Aurora-Specific690691| Instance Class | vCPU | Memory (GiB) | Use Case |692|----------------|------|--------------|----------|693| db.t3.medium | 2 | 4 | Development/test |694| db.r5.large | 2 | 16 | Production-small |695| db.r5.xlarge | 4 | 32 | Production-medium |696| db.r5.2xlarge | 8 | 64 | Production-large |697| db.r5.4xlarge | 16 | 128 | Production-xlarge |698| db.r6g.large | 2 | 16 | Graviton-small |699| db.r6g.xlarge | 4 | 32 | Graviton-medium |700| db.r6g.2xlarge | 8 | 64 | Graviton-large |701702---703704## Common Configuration Options705706### Storage Types707708| Storage Type | Description | Use Case |709|--------------|-------------|----------|710| gp2 | General Purpose SSD | Most workloads |711| gp3 | General Purpose SSD (latest) | Cost-effective, flexible IOPS |712| io1 | Provisioned IOPS SSD | I/O-intensive, predictable performance |713| io2 | Provisioned IOPS SSD (newer) | Highest durability, 99.999% SLA |714715### Storage Encryption716717```yaml718StorageEncrypted: true719KmsKeyId: !Ref EncryptionKey720```721722### Multi-AZ Deployment723724```yaml725MultiAZ: true726```727728### Performance Insights729730```yaml731EnablePerformanceInsights: true732PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod: 731 # 2 years733PerformanceInsightsKMSKeyId: !Ref PIKey734```735736### Enhanced Monitoring737738```yaml739MonitoringInterval: 60 # seconds740MonitoringRoleArn: !GetAtt MonitoringRole.Arn741```742743### CloudWatch Logs Export744745```yaml746EnableCloudwatchLogsExports:747 - audit748 - error749 - general750 - slowquery751```752753### IAM Database Authentication754755```yaml756EnableIAMDatabaseAuthentication: true757```758759### Deletion Protection760761```yaml762DeletionProtection: true763```764765### Automatic Minor Version Upgrades766767```yaml768AutoMinorVersionUpgrade: false # Disable for production769```770771### Backup Settings772773```yaml774BackupRetentionPeriod: 35 # 35 days for production775PreferredBackupWindow: "07:00-09:00"776```777778### Maintenance Settings779780```yaml781PreferredMaintenanceWindow: "sun:04:00-sun:05:00"782AutoMinorVersionUpgrade: false783```784785---786787## Useful Links788789- [AWS::RDS::DBInstance Documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-properties-rds-database-instance.html)790- [AWS::RDS::DBCluster Documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-properties-rds-dbcluster.html)791- [AWS::RDS::DBParameterGroup Documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-properties-rds-dbparametergroup.html)792- [RDS Instance Classes](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Concepts.DBInstanceClass.html)793- [RDS Best Practices](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/CHAP_BestPractices.html)794- [Aurora Documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/AuroraUserGuide/)