SPARQL Competency Queries

Validation queries for BDI ontology implementations based on competency questions.

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SPARQL Competency Queries

Validation queries for BDI ontology implementations based on competency questions.

Mental Entity Queries

CQ1: What are all mental entities?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>

SELECT DISTINCT ?entity ?type WHERE {
    ?entity rdf:type ?type .
    ?type rdfs:subClassOf* bdi:MentalEntity .
}

CQ2: What beliefs does an agent hold?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?belief ?label WHERE {
    ?agent bdi:hasMentalState ?belief .
    ?belief a bdi:Belief .
    OPTIONAL { ?belief rdfs:label ?label }
}

CQ3: What desires does an agent have?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?desire ?label WHERE {
    ?agent bdi:hasDesire ?desire .
    ?desire a bdi:Desire .
    OPTIONAL { ?desire rdfs:label ?label }
}

CQ4: What intentions has an agent committed to?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?intention ?label WHERE {
    ?agent bdi:hasIntention ?intention .
    ?intention a bdi:Intention .
    OPTIONAL { ?intention rdfs:label ?label }
}

Motivational Chain Queries

CQ5: What beliefs motivated formation of a given desire?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?belief ?beliefLabel WHERE {
    ?desire bdi:isMotivatedBy ?belief .
    ?belief a bdi:Belief .
    OPTIONAL { ?belief rdfs:label ?beliefLabel }
}

CQ6: Which desire does a particular intention fulfill?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?desire ?desireLabel WHERE {
    ?intention bdi:fulfils ?desire .
    ?desire a bdi:Desire .
    OPTIONAL { ?desire rdfs:label ?desireLabel }
}

CQ7: What beliefs support a given intention?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?belief ?label WHERE {
    ?intention bdi:isSupportedBy ?belief .
    ?belief a bdi:Belief .
    OPTIONAL { ?belief rdfs:label ?label }
}

CQ8: Trace complete cognitive chain for an intention

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?intention ?desire ?belief ?worldState WHERE {
    ?intention a bdi:Intention ;
               bdi:fulfils ?desire ;
               bdi:isSupportedBy ?belief .
    ?desire bdi:isMotivatedBy ?belief .
    ?belief bdi:refersTo ?worldState .
}

Mental Process Queries

CQ9: Which mental process generated a belief?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?process ?processType WHERE {
    ?process bdi:generates ?belief .
    ?belief a bdi:Belief .
    ?process a ?processType .
    FILTER(?processType != owl:NamedIndividual)
}

CQ10: What triggered a mental process?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?process ?trigger ?triggerType WHERE {
    ?process a bdi:MentalProcess ;
             bdi:isTriggeredBy ?trigger .
    ?trigger a ?triggerType .
}

CQ11: What did a mental process reason upon?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?process ?input WHERE {
    ?process a bdi:MentalProcess ;
             bdi:reasonsUpon ?input .
}

Plan and Goal Queries

CQ12: What plan does an intention specify?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?intention ?plan ?goal WHERE {
    ?intention bdi:specifies ?plan .
    ?plan a bdi:Plan ;
          bdi:addresses ?goal .
}

CQ13: What is the ordered sequence of tasks in a plan?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?plan ?task ?nextTask WHERE {
    ?plan a bdi:Plan ;
          bdi:hasComponent ?task .
    OPTIONAL { ?task bdi:precedes ?nextTask }
}
ORDER BY ?task

CQ14: What is the first and last task of a plan?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?plan ?firstTask ?lastTask WHERE {
    ?plan a bdi:Plan ;
          bdi:beginsWith ?firstTask ;
          bdi:endsWith ?lastTask .
}

CQ15: Which actions executed which tasks?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?action ?task ?time WHERE {
    ?action bdi:isExecutionOf ?task ;
            bdi:atTime ?time .
}
ORDER BY ?time

Temporal Queries

CQ16: What mental states are valid at a specific time?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

SELECT ?mentalState ?type WHERE {
    ?mentalState bdi:hasValidity ?interval .
    ?interval bdi:hasStartTime ?start ;
              bdi:hasEndTime ?end .
    ?mentalState a ?type .
    FILTER(?start <= "2026-01-04T10:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime && 
           ?end >= "2026-01-04T10:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime)
}

CQ17: When was a belief formed?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?belief ?formationTime WHERE {
    ?process bdi:generates ?belief ;
             bdi:atTime ?formationTime .
    ?belief a bdi:Belief .
}

CQ18: What is the temporal validity of an intention?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?intention ?start ?end WHERE {
    ?intention a bdi:Intention ;
               bdi:hasValidity ?interval .
    ?interval bdi:hasStartTime ?start ;
              bdi:hasEndTime ?end .
}

Justification Queries

CQ19: What justifies a belief?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?belief ?justification ?justLabel WHERE {
    ?belief a bdi:Belief ;
            bdi:isJustifiedBy ?justification .
    OPTIONAL { ?justification rdfs:label ?justLabel }
}

CQ20: What justifies an intention?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?intention ?justification ?justLabel WHERE {
    ?intention a bdi:Intention ;
               bdi:isJustifiedBy ?justification .
    OPTIONAL { ?justification rdfs:label ?justLabel }
}

Compositional Queries

CQ21: What parts comprise a complex belief?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?belief ?part ?partLabel WHERE {
    ?belief a bdi:Belief ;
            bdi:hasPart ?part .
    OPTIONAL { ?part rdfs:label ?partLabel }
}

CQ22: Find composite mental entities

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?composite (COUNT(?part) AS ?partCount) WHERE {
    ?composite bdi:hasPart ?part .
}
GROUP BY ?composite
HAVING (COUNT(?part) > 1)

World State Queries

CQ23: What world state does a belief refer to?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?belief ?worldState ?wsComment WHERE {
    ?belief a bdi:Belief ;
            bdi:refersTo ?worldState .
    OPTIONAL { ?worldState rdfs:comment ?wsComment }
}

CQ24: What actions brought about a world state?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?action ?worldState WHERE {
    ?action bdi:bringsAbout ?worldState .
    ?worldState a bdi:WorldState .
}

CQ25: What world states has an agent perceived?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?agent ?worldState ?time WHERE {
    ?agent bdi:perceives ?worldState .
    OPTIONAL { ?worldState bdi:atTime ?time }
}

Validation Queries (OWLUnit Style)

V1: Every intention must fulfill exactly one desire

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?intention WHERE {
    ?intention a bdi:Intention .
    FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?intention bdi:fulfils ?desire }
}
# Expected: Empty result set

V2: Every belief must reference a world state

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?belief WHERE {
    ?belief a bdi:Belief .
    FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?belief bdi:refersTo ?worldState }
}
# Expected: Empty result set (or only abstract beliefs)

V3: Mental processes must reason upon something

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?process WHERE {
    ?process a bdi:MentalProcess .
    FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?process bdi:reasonsUpon ?input }
}
# Expected: Empty result set

V4: BeliefProcess must generate only Beliefs

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?process ?generated WHERE {
    ?process a bdi:BeliefProcess ;
             bdi:generates ?generated .
    FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?generated a bdi:Belief }
}
# Expected: Empty result set

V5: Plans must have begin and end tasks

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?plan WHERE {
    ?plan a bdi:Plan .
    FILTER NOT EXISTS { 
        ?plan bdi:beginsWith ?first ;
              bdi:endsWith ?last 
    }
}
# Expected: Empty result set

Multi-Agent Queries

CQ26: What beliefs are shared across agents?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?belief (COUNT(DISTINCT ?agent) AS ?agentCount) WHERE {
    ?agent bdi:hasMentalState ?belief .
    ?belief a bdi:Belief .
}
GROUP BY ?belief
HAVING (COUNT(DISTINCT ?agent) > 1)

CQ27: Which agents share the same desire?

PREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>

SELECT ?desire ?agent1 ?agent2 WHERE {
    ?agent1 bdi:hasDesire ?desire .
    ?agent2 bdi:hasDesire ?desire .
    FILTER(?agent1 != ?agent2)
}

---name: sparql-competency-queriesdescription: Validation queries for BDI ontology implementations based on competency questions.---# SPARQL Competency QueriesValidation queries for BDI ontology implementations based on competency questions.## Mental Entity Queries### CQ1: What are all mental entities?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>SELECT DISTINCT ?entity ?type WHERE { ?entity rdf:type ?type . ?type rdfs:subClassOf* bdi:MentalEntity .}```### CQ2: What beliefs does an agent hold?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?belief ?label WHERE { ?agent bdi:hasMentalState ?belief . ?belief a bdi:Belief . OPTIONAL { ?belief rdfs:label ?label }}```### CQ3: What desires does an agent have?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?desire ?label WHERE { ?agent bdi:hasDesire ?desire . ?desire a bdi:Desire . OPTIONAL { ?desire rdfs:label ?label }}```### CQ4: What intentions has an agent committed to?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?intention ?label WHERE { ?agent bdi:hasIntention ?intention . ?intention a bdi:Intention . OPTIONAL { ?intention rdfs:label ?label }}```## Motivational Chain Queries### CQ5: What beliefs motivated formation of a given desire?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?belief ?beliefLabel WHERE { ?desire bdi:isMotivatedBy ?belief . ?belief a bdi:Belief . OPTIONAL { ?belief rdfs:label ?beliefLabel }}```### CQ6: Which desire does a particular intention fulfill?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?desire ?desireLabel WHERE { ?intention bdi:fulfils ?desire . ?desire a bdi:Desire . OPTIONAL { ?desire rdfs:label ?desireLabel }}```### CQ7: What beliefs support a given intention?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?belief ?label WHERE { ?intention bdi:isSupportedBy ?belief . ?belief a bdi:Belief . OPTIONAL { ?belief rdfs:label ?label }}```### CQ8: Trace complete cognitive chain for an intention```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?intention ?desire ?belief ?worldState WHERE { ?intention a bdi:Intention ; bdi:fulfils ?desire ; bdi:isSupportedBy ?belief . ?desire bdi:isMotivatedBy ?belief . ?belief bdi:refersTo ?worldState .}```## Mental Process Queries### CQ9: Which mental process generated a belief?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?process ?processType WHERE { ?process bdi:generates ?belief . ?belief a bdi:Belief . ?process a ?processType . FILTER(?processType != owl:NamedIndividual)}```### CQ10: What triggered a mental process?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?process ?trigger ?triggerType WHERE { ?process a bdi:MentalProcess ; bdi:isTriggeredBy ?trigger . ?trigger a ?triggerType .}```### CQ11: What did a mental process reason upon?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?process ?input WHERE { ?process a bdi:MentalProcess ; bdi:reasonsUpon ?input .}```## Plan and Goal Queries### CQ12: What plan does an intention specify?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?intention ?plan ?goal WHERE { ?intention bdi:specifies ?plan . ?plan a bdi:Plan ; bdi:addresses ?goal .}```### CQ13: What is the ordered sequence of tasks in a plan?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?plan ?task ?nextTask WHERE { ?plan a bdi:Plan ; bdi:hasComponent ?task . OPTIONAL { ?task bdi:precedes ?nextTask }}ORDER BY ?task```### CQ14: What is the first and last task of a plan?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?plan ?firstTask ?lastTask WHERE { ?plan a bdi:Plan ; bdi:beginsWith ?firstTask ; bdi:endsWith ?lastTask .}```### CQ15: Which actions executed which tasks?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?action ?task ?time WHERE { ?action bdi:isExecutionOf ?task ; bdi:atTime ?time .}ORDER BY ?time```## Temporal Queries### CQ16: What mental states are valid at a specific time?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>SELECT ?mentalState ?type WHERE { ?mentalState bdi:hasValidity ?interval . ?interval bdi:hasStartTime ?start ; bdi:hasEndTime ?end . ?mentalState a ?type . FILTER(?start <= "2026-01-04T10:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime && ?end >= "2026-01-04T10:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime)}```### CQ17: When was a belief formed?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?belief ?formationTime WHERE { ?process bdi:generates ?belief ; bdi:atTime ?formationTime . ?belief a bdi:Belief .}```### CQ18: What is the temporal validity of an intention?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?intention ?start ?end WHERE { ?intention a bdi:Intention ; bdi:hasValidity ?interval . ?interval bdi:hasStartTime ?start ; bdi:hasEndTime ?end .}```## Justification Queries### CQ19: What justifies a belief?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?belief ?justification ?justLabel WHERE { ?belief a bdi:Belief ; bdi:isJustifiedBy ?justification . OPTIONAL { ?justification rdfs:label ?justLabel }}```### CQ20: What justifies an intention?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?intention ?justification ?justLabel WHERE { ?intention a bdi:Intention ; bdi:isJustifiedBy ?justification . OPTIONAL { ?justification rdfs:label ?justLabel }}```## Compositional Queries### CQ21: What parts comprise a complex belief?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?belief ?part ?partLabel WHERE { ?belief a bdi:Belief ; bdi:hasPart ?part . OPTIONAL { ?part rdfs:label ?partLabel }}```### CQ22: Find composite mental entities```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?composite (COUNT(?part) AS ?partCount) WHERE { ?composite bdi:hasPart ?part .}GROUP BY ?compositeHAVING (COUNT(?part) > 1)```## World State Queries### CQ23: What world state does a belief refer to?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?belief ?worldState ?wsComment WHERE { ?belief a bdi:Belief ; bdi:refersTo ?worldState . OPTIONAL { ?worldState rdfs:comment ?wsComment }}```### CQ24: What actions brought about a world state?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?action ?worldState WHERE { ?action bdi:bringsAbout ?worldState . ?worldState a bdi:WorldState .}```### CQ25: What world states has an agent perceived?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?agent ?worldState ?time WHERE { ?agent bdi:perceives ?worldState . OPTIONAL { ?worldState bdi:atTime ?time }}```## Validation Queries (OWLUnit Style)### V1: Every intention must fulfill exactly one desire```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?intention WHERE { ?intention a bdi:Intention . FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?intention bdi:fulfils ?desire }}# Expected: Empty result set```### V2: Every belief must reference a world state```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?belief WHERE { ?belief a bdi:Belief . FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?belief bdi:refersTo ?worldState }}# Expected: Empty result set (or only abstract beliefs)```### V3: Mental processes must reason upon something```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?process WHERE { ?process a bdi:MentalProcess . FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?process bdi:reasonsUpon ?input }}# Expected: Empty result set```### V4: BeliefProcess must generate only Beliefs```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?process ?generated WHERE { ?process a bdi:BeliefProcess ; bdi:generates ?generated . FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?generated a bdi:Belief }}# Expected: Empty result set```### V5: Plans must have begin and end tasks```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?plan WHERE { ?plan a bdi:Plan . FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?plan bdi:beginsWith ?first ; bdi:endsWith ?last }}# Expected: Empty result set```## Multi-Agent Queries### CQ26: What beliefs are shared across agents?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?belief (COUNT(DISTINCT ?agent) AS ?agentCount) WHERE { ?agent bdi:hasMentalState ?belief . ?belief a bdi:Belief .}GROUP BY ?beliefHAVING (COUNT(DISTINCT ?agent) > 1)```### CQ27: Which agents share the same desire?```sparqlPREFIX bdi: <https://w3id.org/fossr/ontology/bdi/>SELECT ?desire ?agent1 ?agent2 WHERE { ?agent1 bdi:hasDesire ?desire . ?agent2 bdi:hasDesire ?desire . FILTER(?agent1 != ?agent2)}```

tools-only/X-Skills/tree/main/daily-assistant/1494-sparql-competency_9e84de61 commit 7823866052

Frequently asked questions

npx skillmds@latest add tools-only/sparql-competency-queries