Skill Decay

Skill Decay

Turn "we have 200 skills" into "we use 40 of them" — with receipts.

Overview

Every skill, tool, or plugin an agent declares is loaded, described, and paid for in the prompt on every single turn. The inventory only ever grows: adding one looks free, removing one requires proof it's dead, and nobody gathers that proof. So the context window fills with capabilities that haven't been invoked in months, quietly taxing latency and token cost on requests that will never touch them.

skill_decay.py is that proof. It cross-references a declared inventory against a usage log and reports the decay:

• never — declared, loaded, invoked zero times in the logs.
• stale — used once, but not in the last N days (default 30).
• live — actually earning its prompt slot.

It exits non-zero when the number of decay candidates blows a budget, so "the inventory grew faster than it's used" fails CI instead of silently bloating every request. Nothing from the inventory is imported or executed — SKILL.md is read as text, logs are read as text. Pure stdlib.

This is the other half of a context budget: context-budget tells you how heavy each file is, skill-decay tells you whether anyone uses it. A file that is both heavy and never-used is the first thing to cut.

When to use

• An agent/plugin host declares dozens+ of skills/tools and per-turn prompt cost is climbing, but you can't tell which ones are dead.
• You want CI to fail when the count of never/stale capabilities exceeds a budget, forcing a prune-or-justify decision.
• You're deciding what to archive and want a usage table, not a vibe.

Not for: proving a skill is good (a rarely-used skill can still be critical — read never as a review prompt, confirm it isn't a break-glass tool before deleting), or measuring token weight (that's context-budget).

The method

1. Point it at the inventory and the usage.

   # inventory = a tree of SKILL.md files; usage = your agent logs
   python scripts/skill_decay.py --skills-dir ~/.hermes/skills \
     --logs ~/.hermes/logs --stale-days 30 --max-decay 20
   

   Inventory names come from each SKILL.md frontmatter name: (or the containing directory name). If you don't have SKILL.md files, pass a flat list instead: --names plan,codex,dogfood,spike.
2. Read the three tiers.
   • never: declared, never invoked. The prime prune candidates.
   • stale: used once, but not within --stale-days. Decaying.
   • live: actively used — leave them alone. Each row carries the invocation count and days-since-last-use so you can rank the cut list by cost-of-keeping.
3. Wire it into CI. The tool exits non-zero over the decay budget:

   # fail the build when >20 skills are dead or decaying
   - run: python scripts/skill_decay.py --skills-dir skills --logs logs --max-decay 20
   

   Or be strict with --fail-on-never to block any never-used skill from merging. Now inventory bloat is a red build, not a slow creep.
4. Prune the top, re-measure. Archive a confirmed-dead skill, re-run. The decay_candidates count is the scoreboard.

How usage is matched

• Each inventory name is matched as a whole token (word/path-segment boundaries), so plan never counts a hit inside planet or planner. Hyphens and underscores are treated as word-internal, so skill-decay matches exactly and not skill.
• Any YYYY-MM-DD on a usage line is read as that invocation's timestamp; the latest one becomes the item's last-seen date, which drives staleness. Logs with no dates still produce never/live verdicts — you just lose the stale tier (everything used is live).
• Usage sources: one or more --logs files/dirs (repeatable), or stdin. A directory is walked recursively.

Anti-patterns

• Deleting a never skill on sight. Zero invocations is a strong signal, not a verdict — a break-glass / disaster-recovery skill should be rarely used. Confirm it isn't intentionally dormant before archiving.
• Auditing against too short a log window. If your usage log only covers a week, a monthly skill looks dead. Point --logs at a window at least as long as your longest legitimate usage cadence.
• Matching substrings. Naive grep skillname over-counts (plan inside planet) and under-cuts real dead weight. This tool matches whole tokens on purpose — don't "fix" it back to substring matching.
• Treating the tool as its own exception. A decay auditor that itself never runs is dead weight. Put it in CI so it runs on every change.

Example

$ python scripts/skill_decay.py --skills-dir skills --logs agent.log --stale-days 30 --max-decay 5
Skill-decay report
==============================
inventory: 42   as-of: 2026-07-07   stale>30d
live: 30   stale: 5   never: 7   decay-candidates: 12

name              calls  last-use     decay
------------------------------------------------
touchdesigner-mcp     0  -            never
godmode               0  -            never
...
p5js                  1  2026-04-02   stale (96d)
plan                171  2026-07-07   live (0d)
FAIL: decay_candidates 12 > max_decay 5
$ echo $?
1