Passport Development

Passport OAuth2 Authentication

Documentation First

Always use search-docs before writing Passport code. The documentation covers every grant type, configuration option, and edge case in detail. This skill teaches you how to navigate Passport — the docs have the implementation specifics.

search-docs(queries: ["Passport installation"], packages: ["laravel/framework@12.x"])

The Passport docs live under the laravel/framework package — not laravel/passport.

When to Apply

Activate this skill when:

• Installing or configuring Passport
• Setting up OAuth2 authorization grants
• Creating or managing OAuth clients
• Protecting API routes with token authentication
• Defining or checking token scopes
• Configuring SPA cookie-based authentication
• Choosing between Passport and Sanctum

Passport vs. Sanctum

Passport is a full OAuth2 server — use it when third-party applications need to consume your API and when you need OAuth2 authorization code grants, client credentials for machine-to-machine auth, or device authorization flow.

Sanctum is simpler — use it when first-party SPAs, third parties, or mobile apps consume the API but you don't need the full OAuth2 grant flows.

Installation

Three steps are always required:

1. Install Passport

php artisan install:api --passport

This publishes migrations, generates encryption keys, and registers routes.

2. Configure the User model

The User model needs both the HasApiTokens trait AND the OAuthenticatable interface. Missing the interface is the most common Passport setup mistake — it causes runtime errors that can be confusing to debug.

use Laravel\Passport\Contracts\OAuthenticatable;
use Laravel\Passport\HasApiTokens;

class User extends Authenticatable implements OAuthenticatable
{
    use HasApiTokens;
}

3. Configure the auth guard

The api guard must use the passport driver in config/auth.php. Using token or sanctum here silently breaks Passport authentication.

'guards' => [
    'api' => [
        'driver' => 'passport',
        'provider' => 'users',
    ],
],

Choosing a Grant Type

Matching the right grant to the use case is the most important Passport decision. Use search-docs for implementation details of any grant.

Legacy grants (Password, Implicit) are disabled by default and not recommended. They must be explicitly enabled with Passport::enablePasswordGrant() or Passport::enableImplicitGrant().

Client Management

Create clients with the appropriate flag for the grant type:

php artisan passport:client              # Authorization code

php artisan passport:client --public     # PKCE (no secret)

php artisan passport:client --client     # Client credentials

php artisan passport:client --personal   # Personal access tokens

php artisan passport:client --device     # Device authorization

Additional flags: --name=, --redirect_uri=, --provider=.

Client secrets are hashed by default — the plain-text secret is only shown at creation time and cannot be retrieved later.

Protecting Routes

Apply auth:api middleware. Clients send tokens via the Authorization: Bearer <token> header.

Route::get('/user', function (Request $request) {
    return $request->user();
})->middleware('auth:api');

Scope Enforcement

Scope middleware must come alongside auth:api:

• CheckToken::using('scope1', 'scope2') — requires ALL listed scopes
• CheckTokenForAnyScope::using('scope1', 'scope2') — requires ANY listed scope
• EnsureClientIsResourceOwner::using('scope1') — restricts to client credential tokens

use Laravel\Passport\Http\Middleware\CheckToken;

Route::get('/orders', function () {
    // ...
})->middleware(['auth:api', CheckToken::using('orders:read')]);

Programmatic scope checking

if ($request->user()->tokenCan('place-orders')) {
    // ...
}

Use search-docs for full scope middleware registration and usage patterns.

Key Configuration

Configure in AppServiceProvider::boot(). Use search-docs for the full list of options.

// Token lifetimes (each is independent)
Passport::tokensExpireIn(now()->addDays(15));
Passport::refreshTokensExpireIn(now()->addDays(30));
Passport::personalAccessTokensExpireIn(now()->addMonths(6));

// Define scopes
Passport::tokensCan([
    'place-orders' => 'Place orders',
    'check-status' => 'Check order status',
]);

SPA Cookie Authentication

For first-party SPAs, the CreateFreshApiToken middleware issues a laravel_token cookie containing an encrypted JWT. The SPA must include CSRF tokens — missing the X-CSRF-TOKEN or X-XSRF-TOKEN header causes 419 errors.

Use search-docs for setup details — this feature has specific CSRF and cookie configuration requirements.

Testing

Passport provides helpers to bypass full OAuth flows in tests:

Passport::actingAs($user, ['scope1', 'scope2']);
Passport::actingAsClient($client, ['scope1']);

Token Maintenance

php artisan passport:purge              # Purge revoked & expired

php artisan passport:purge --revoked    # Only revoked

php artisan passport:purge --expired    # Only expired

Schedule passport:purge for regular expired token clean-up.

Events

All in Laravel\Passport\Events: AccessTokenCreated, AccessTokenRevoked, RefreshTokenCreated.

Common Pitfalls

• Missing OAuthenticatable interface — both the HasApiTokens trait and the OAuthenticatable interface are required on the User model. Missing the interface causes runtime errors.
• Wrong guard driver — the api guard must use passport, not token or sanctum. This fails silently.
• Token lifetime confusion — access token, refresh token, and personal access token lifetimes are all independent settings.
• Missing CSRF for SPA cookie auth — CreateFreshApiToken requires CSRF tokens. Use Passport::ignoreCsrfToken() only if you understand the security implications.
• Client secrets are hashed — the plain-text secret is only available at creation time.
• Legacy grants are disabled — Password and Implicit grants must be explicitly enabled and are not recommended.