Find Missing Translations

Find Missing Translations

Overview

Extract string resource keys from a default values/strings.xml that are absent in a target locale's strings.xml, excluding non-translatable entries. Outputs missing keys and offers to translate them.

The repo now has two independent Crowdin-managed resource trees — you must scan both (see "Resource trees" below).

When to Use

• Need to find untranslated strings for a specific locale
• Preparing a batch of strings for a translator
• Checking translation coverage after adding new features

Resource trees (scan BOTH)

There are two separate strings.xml trees, each with its own default values/ and per-locale values-<locale>/ files, each wired into crowdin.yml independently:

The commons tree appeared when shared event-renderer composables were extracted out of amethyst/ into commons/ (Compose Multiplatform stringResource). It is not a copy of the amethyst tree — the vast majority of its keys are commons-only; only a small handful overlap. Every diff/count/translate command below works on either tree by swapping the base path — run the whole technique once per tree and report them separately (each maps to its own Crowdin file, so the counts should reconcile against two different Crowdin UI numbers).

Locale-qualifier caveat: commons uses the same region-qualified locale dirs as amethyst for our four targets (values-cs, values-de-rDE, values-sv-rSE, values-pt-rBR), but the full set of locale dirs differs between trees. Enumerate values-* under each tree's own base rather than assuming they match.

Overlap (copy — but only after checking the English matches): a few commons keys share a name with a key in the amethyst tree. For such a key already translated in the amethyst locale file you may copy the existing approved translation verbatim — but only if the two English source values are byte-identical. A shared key name does not guarantee a shared meaning.

⚠️ Mistake we actually made (2026-07-18): napplet_card_permissions exists in both trees with the same key name but different English — commons = "What it can access", amethyst = "Permissions:". Copying the amethyst translation by key name produced the wrong string in commons (it said "Permissions:" where the UI reads "What it can access"). Always diff the English values, not just the key names. When the English differs, translate the commons value fresh — or, better, find the amethyst key whose value matches (here favorite_app_access_show = "What it can access") and copy that approved translation.

Detect name-overlap and flag value mismatches in one pass:

cdef=commons/src/commonMain/composeResources/values/strings.xml
adef=amethyst/src/main/res/values/strings.xml
comm -12 \
  <(grep '<string name=' "$cdef" | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort -u) \
  <(grep '<string name=' "$adef" | grep -v 'translatable="false"' | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort -u) \
| while read -r k; do
    cv=$(grep -m1 "name=\"$k\"" "$cdef" | sed 's/.*>\(.*\)<\/string>/\1/')
    av=$(grep -m1 "name=\"$k\"" "$adef" | sed 's/.*>\(.*\)<\/string>/\1/')
    [ "$cv" = "$av" ] && echo "SAFE-COPY   $k" || echo "VALUE-DIFFERS $k  commons=\"$cv\"  amethyst=\"$av\""
  done

Only SAFE-COPY keys may be copied verbatim. For VALUE-DIFFERS, translate the commons English fresh (or copy from the amethyst key that has the matching value).

Whitespace-quote convention differs between trees. Android string resources use surrounding double-quotes to preserve leading/trailing whitespace ("replying to "). The commons Compose-resources tree does NOT use this convention — it authors trailing/leading spaces raw and unquoted (replying to ). So when copying/translating a commons string with edge whitespace, match the commons source: raw spaces, no wrapping quotes. (Mistake we made: we copied amethyst's quoted "replying to " into commons, where the quotes would render literally.) A quick check for stray quote-wrapping you introduced:

grep -nE '<string name="[^"]*">"' commons/src/commonMain/composeResources/values-*/strings.xml
# The commons English tree has zero quote-wrapped values — any hit in a locale file is almost certainly a bad copy from amethyst.

Why two catalogs exist — the duplication is NOT a bug to "fix" (don't ask again). You will see the same English text (Cancel, Save, Delete, Open, …) defined many times across the amethyst tree under per-feature keys and once more in commons under generic keys (action_cancel, action_save, …). This is required architecture, not an error:

• The two trees are different resource systems: amethyst uses Android R.string; commons uses Compose-Multiplatform Res.string (com.vitorpamplona.amethyst.commons.resources.Res).
• commons cannot depend on amethyst (amethyst depends on commons — the reverse would be circular). So a composable extracted into commons physically cannot reference R.string.cancel; it needs its own string, hence the generic action_* keys. That is the only way an extracted shared composable can render "Cancel."
• The scattered amethyst per-feature duplicates (nip46_signer_cancel, nest_create_cancel, …) are pre-existing tech debt; the commons keys did not create them.
• Both catalogs are Crowdin-managed independently, and Crowdin's translation memory pre-fills repeats, so translating the same word in both trees is not wasted effort.

Do not treat the value-overlap as something to deduplicate during a translation pass. Migrating amethyst's own screens onto the shared action_* strings is a separate, optional refactor and a maintainer call — out of scope for this skill. Just translate each tree correctly and independently.

Background: Crowdin strip-identical behavior

This repo syncs translations via Crowdin (branch l10n_crowdin_translations). Crowdin's default export behavior omits any translation that exactly equals the source, so a key that the translator deliberately kept as English (common for brand terms like "Nowhere Drop", single-word loanwords like "Apps" / "Feed" / "Issues", or version prefixes like "v%1$s") will not appear in the locale's strings.xml even though the Crowdin UI shows it as 100% translated.

What this means for this skill:

1. The raw on-disk diff is the candidate set. A key missing from a locale file is either genuinely untranslated or a source-identical entry Crowdin stripped. Both are reported; the human decides which to skip. The Crowdin web UI ("N untranslated") is the ground truth for what genuinely needs work.

2. Source-identical entries are a small, recognizable minority. Brand terms (Nowhere X), single-word loanwords (Apps / Feed / Issues), and bare version/format strings (v%1$s) are the usual cases. Skip these by inspection rather than translating them to something identical.

3. Don't add source-identical fallbacks. Android falls back to values/strings.xml at runtime, so a key intentionally kept as English already renders correctly, and Crowdin's next sync would strip a local duplicate anyway.

4. A repo-side edit to a translated value only sticks where Crowdin's database doesn't contradict it. Download replaces file content with Crowdin's current export; it does not diff or merge. So a hand fix to a locale file survives only if Crowdin happens to hold the same value (or holds nothing for that key). If Crowdin holds a different value — including an empty one — the next sync silently reverts you.

   Observed 2026-08-13/14 in one pass, which is what makes the rule concrete: pow_estimate_minutes[few] (pl) survived the sync because Crowdin's approved value matched the fix, while nest_listener_count[many] (pl) was reverted to empty two commits later because Crowdin stores an empty string there. Same file, same commit, opposite outcomes.

   Consequences: fixing a value durably means entering it in the Crowdin web UI — no repo commit will hold it. Changes to the source file are different and do stick, because that file is Crowdin's input, not its output: deleting a key from values/strings.xml removes it project-wide, and attributes declared there propagate into every export.

Historical note: an earlier version of this skill tried to auto-filter the candidate list with a git "sync-timestamp" heuristic (skip any key added before the last New Crowdin translations commit). It was dropped because it produced false negatives: a key added shortly before an export that translators simply hadn't reached yet is genuinely missing, but the heuristic classified it as "Crowdin already decided." Trust the raw diff + the Crowdin UI instead.

Target Locales

The default set of locales (unless the user specifies otherwise):

Czech was consolidated onto the base qualifier (PR #3461, 2026-07-03): a cs: cs languages_mapping entry in crowdin.yml makes Crowdin export to values-cs, and values-cs-rCZ no longer exists. The other locales still use Crowdin's default region-qualified androidCode until they are consolidated the same way — update this table as each one moves.

Technique

1. Identify files

Do this for each resource tree (see "Resource trees" above). The examples below use the amethyst base path; repeat every step with the commons base path swapped in.

# amethyst tree
Default:  amethyst/src/main/res/values/strings.xml
Target:   amethyst/src/main/res/values-<locale>/strings.xml

# commons tree
Default:  commons/src/commonMain/composeResources/values/strings.xml
Target:   commons/src/commonMain/composeResources/values-<locale>/strings.xml

A convenient way to run the whole technique twice is to loop over the two base dirs:

for base in amethyst/src/main/res commons/src/commonMain/composeResources; do
  echo "########## tree: $base ##########"
  # ... run the diff/count/value-extraction commands with $base/values[...] ...
done

2. Find missing keys using cs as reference

Always diff against cs first — it is the most complete locale and serves as the reference. Any keys missing in cs will also be missing in the other target locales.

You MUST diff both <string name= AND <plurals name= — these are independent resource types and a key that is a <plurals> in the source will never appear in a <string> diff. Forgetting <plurals> is the most common silent failure of this skill (it misses things like music_playlist_track_count, notification_count_more, etc.).

# Strings: extract translatable keys from default (exclude translatable="false")
echo "=== missing <string> ==="
comm -23 \
  <(grep '<string name=' amethyst/src/main/res/values/strings.xml \
    | grep -v 'translatable="false"' \
    | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort) \
  <(grep '<string name=' amethyst/src/main/res/values-cs/strings.xml \
    | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort)

# Plurals: a separate resource type — MUST be diffed independently
echo "=== missing <plurals> ==="
comm -23 \
  <(grep '<plurals name=' amethyst/src/main/res/values/strings.xml \
    | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort) \
  <(grep '<plurals name=' amethyst/src/main/res/values-cs/strings.xml \
    | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort)

This gives two lists of missing key names — keep them separate; <plurals> translations need the per-locale CLDR category set (see Step 5 → "Plurals: handle with care").

Crowdin can asymmetrically strip keys across locales (each translator independently chose source-identical for different keys), so cs is not a reliable upper bound. Diff every target locale and union the results — don't assume the cs set covers the others. A quick per-locale count is a useful sanity check against the Crowdin UI's "N untranslated":

for locale in cs de-rDE sv-rSE pt-rBR; do
  ns=$(comm -23 \
    <(grep '<string name=' amethyst/src/main/res/values/strings.xml \
      | grep -v 'translatable="false"' | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort) \
    <(grep '<string name=' amethyst/src/main/res/values-$locale/strings.xml \
      | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort) | wc -l)
  np=$(comm -23 \
    <(grep '<plurals name=' amethyst/src/main/res/values/strings.xml \
      | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort) \
    <(grep '<plurals name=' amethyst/src/main/res/values-$locale/strings.xml \
      | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort) | wc -l)
  echo "$locale: strings=$ns plurals=$np total=$((ns+np))"
done

The combined strings + plurals total should line up with the Crowdin web UI's untranslated count for that locale. If it does, the raw diff is your actionable set (minus any source-identical entries you skip by inspection — see Background).

3. Get English values for missing keys

For each missing key, extract its English value. <string> is a single line; <plurals> is a multi-line block — handle each appropriately.

# Missing <string>: full line from default strings.xml
while IFS= read -r key; do
  grep "name=\"$key\"" amethyst/src/main/res/values/strings.xml
done < <(comm -23 \
  <(grep '<string name=' amethyst/src/main/res/values/strings.xml \
    | grep -v 'translatable="false"' \
    | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort) \
  <(grep '<string name=' amethyst/src/main/res/values-cs/strings.xml \
    | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort))

# Missing <plurals>: extract the multi-line block (opening tag through </plurals>)
while IFS= read -r key; do
  awk -v key="$key" '
    $0 ~ "<plurals name=\"" key "\"" { in_p = 1 }
    in_p { print }
    in_p && /<\/plurals>/ { in_p = 0 }
  ' amethyst/src/main/res/values/strings.xml
done < <(comm -23 \
  <(grep '<plurals name=' amethyst/src/main/res/values/strings.xml \
    | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort) \
  <(grep '<plurals name=' amethyst/src/main/res/values-cs/strings.xml \
    | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort))

4. Audit missing strings for plural-shaped patterns

Before presenting results, scan the missing English strings for two red-flag patterns and warn the user about each match:

1. Hardcoded "1" next to a noun. A new English string like "1 reply", "1 follower", or "1 minute ago" almost always belongs in a <plurals> resource — not a <string>. Hardcoding 1 in English forces every translator to either also hardcode 1 (breaking languages where the one category covers other numbers, e.g. some Slavic languages) or to silently change the meaning.
2. A %d / %1$d placeholder in a clearly singular/plural sentence (e.g. "%1$d reply", "%d follower"). Even though the placeholder is parameterised, English-only one/other agreement won't survive translation into languages that need few/many.

Also audit existing <plurals> resources for two anti-patterns:

1. quantity="one" items that hardcode the literal 1 (instead of using a %d / %1$d placeholder) — broken for languages where the one CLDR category covers more than just n=1 (Russian, Ukrainian, Croatian, etc.).
2. quantity="zero" items in any locale that doesn't natively use the zero CLDR category — i.e. everything except Arabic (ar), Latvian (lv) and Welsh (cy). ICU/CLDR maps count=0 to other for English and most of the locales we ship to (cs, de, pt-BR, sv, etc.), so <item quantity="zero"> is dead code there: getQuantityString(id, 0) will pick other, never the zero entry, and the visible runtime string ends up "…0 items" instead of the intended "…no items".

⚠️ Latvian is the trap here — do NOT strip its zero items (we nearly did, 2026-07-22). lv has an integer-bearing zero category that covers far more than 0: select(0), select(10) and select(11) all return zero (the rule is n % 10 = 0 or n % 100 = 11..19). So a Latvian <item quantity="zero"> is live code on the majority of counts, and it must read as a normal plural form ("%1$d minūšu"), not as "no items" wording. An earlier version of this skill claimed only ar and cy had zero, which flagged all ~40 correct Latvian entries as dead and would have deleted working translations.

If a UX genuinely wants special "no items" wording at count=0, that has to be a call-site if (count == 0) branch to a separate <string>, not a quantity="zero" plural item. (This is why zero is the wrong tool even where it exists: in lv it does not mean "zero".)

Verify, don't recall. Before asserting any locale's category set, check it against CLDR rather than memory:

python3 -m venv /tmp/cldr && /tmp/cldr/bin/pip -q install babel
/tmp/cldr/bin/python -c "
from babel import Locale
for c in ['en','lv','ar','cy','cs','de','sv','pt_BR','ru','pl']:
    r = Locale.parse(c).plural_form
    print(c, sorted({r(n) for n in range(0,10001)}), 'select(0)=', r(0), 'select(10)=', r(10))
"

Across the 56 locale dirs this repo ships, only ar-rSA and lv-rLV have an integer-bearing zero.

Flag and offer to fix:

# Scan every locale's strings.xml for <item quantity="one"> entries that
# hardcode "1" (or other literal digits) instead of using a placeholder.
# Looks at default + all values-* locales, in BOTH resource trees.
for f in amethyst/src/main/res/values/strings.xml amethyst/src/main/res/values-*/strings.xml \
         commons/src/commonMain/composeResources/values/strings.xml \
         commons/src/commonMain/composeResources/values-*/strings.xml; do
  awk -v file="$f" '
    /<plurals/ { in_plurals = 1; name = $0; sub(/.*name="/, "", name); sub(/".*/, "", name) }
    in_plurals && /quantity="one"/ {
      # Extract item text (between > and <)
      text = $0; sub(/^[^>]*>/, "", text); sub(/<.*$/, "", text)
      # Flag if it contains a digit AND no %d / %1$d placeholder
      if (text ~ /[0-9]/ && text !~ /%[0-9]*\$?d/) {
        print file ":  <plurals name=\"" name "\">  text "\""
      }
    }
    /<\/plurals>/ { in_plurals = 0 }
  ' "$f"
done

Then scan for dead quantity="zero" entries. CLDR's zero category is integer-bearing only in Arabic (ar), Latvian (lv) and Welsh (cy) — those three are skipped below, so a hit is a genuine bug. In every other locale, count=0 falls through to other, so a <item quantity="zero"> entry is dead and likely a translator/author bug (or it silently never fires):

for f in amethyst/src/main/res/values/strings.xml amethyst/src/main/res/values-*/strings.xml \
         commons/src/commonMain/composeResources/values/strings.xml \
         commons/src/commonMain/composeResources/values-*/strings.xml; do
  # Skip Arabic, Latvian and Welsh — they natively use the zero category.
  # (Latvian's zero covers 0, 10, 11-19, 20, 30, … — stripping it breaks most counts.)
  case "$f" in
    *values-ar*|*values-cy*|*values-lv*) continue ;;
  esac
  awk -v file="$f" '
    /<plurals/ { in_plurals = 1; name = $0; sub(/.*name="/, "", name); sub(/".*/, "", name) }
    in_plurals && /quantity="zero"/ {
      text = $0; sub(/^[^>]*>/, "", text); sub(/<.*$/, "", text)
      print file ":  <plurals name=\"" name "\">  zero=\"" text "\""
    }
    /<\/plurals>/ { in_plurals = 0 }
  ' "$f"
done

For each hit, warn the user that the entry is unreachable in that locale. The fix is to remove the <item quantity="zero"> and, if the UX wanted distinct wording for count=0, add a separate <string> plus an if (count == 0) branch at the call site (see "Plurals: handle with care" below).

Also audit format-specifier parity and empty items across the locales you touched. These are a different defect class from a missing key — the key is present and looks translated, but the placeholder was dropped, escaped, or the item left blank, so the number never reaches the user:

python3 - <<'PY'
import re, io, glob
keyre = re.compile(r'<string name="([^"]+)"[^>]*>(.*?)</string>', re.S)
plre  = re.compile(r'<plurals name="([^"]+)"[^>]*>(.*?)</plurals>', re.S)
itre  = re.compile(r'<item quantity="([^"]+)"[^>]*>(.*?)</item>', re.S)
# (?<!\\) is REQUIRED: \%2$d is an escaped literal, not a placeholder.
phre  = re.compile(r'(?<!\\)%(?:(\d+)\$)?([sdf])')
sig = lambda t: sorted(m.group(0) for m in phre.finditer(t))
for base in ['amethyst/src/main/res', 'commons/src/commonMain/composeResources']:
    d = io.open(f'{base}/values/strings.xml', encoding='utf-8').read()
    dstr = {m.group(1): sig(m.group(2)) for m in keyre.finditer(d)}
    dpl  = {}
    for m in plre.finditer(d):
        s = set()
        for it in itre.finditer(m.group(2)): s.update(sig(it.group(2)))
        dpl[m.group(1)] = sorted(s)
    for p in sorted(glob.glob(f'{base}/values-*/strings.xml')):
        if '/values-ar' in p: continue   # see caveat below
        s = io.open(p, encoding='utf-8').read()
        for m in keyre.finditer(s):
            k, v = m.group(1), m.group(2)
            if k in dstr and sig(v) != dstr[k]:
                print(f'{p}\n    {k}  base={dstr[k]}  loc={sig(v)}')
        for m in plre.finditer(s):
            k = m.group(1)
            if k not in dpl: continue
            for it in itre.finditer(m.group(2)):
                if sig(it.group(2)) != dpl[k]:
                    print(f'{p}\n    {k}[{it.group(1)}]  base={dpl[k]}  loc={sig(it.group(2))}')
PY

# Empty plural items render as nothing at runtime — always a bug.
grep -rn '<item quantity="[a-z]*"></item>' \
  amethyst/src/main/res/values*/strings.xml \
  commons/src/commonMain/composeResources/values*/strings.xml

Three things this scan taught us, all of which it now encodes:

• The (?<!\\) lookbehind is not optional. Without it the scan matches %2$d inside \%2$d and scores a broken string clean. \% is not a recognised Android escape, but lint reads it as one, so the placeholder is reported missing. (2026-08-13: nip46_signer_relays_some_down in sl-rSI survived a "clean" sweep exactly this way.)
• Skip Arabic. Its zero/one/two forms omit the numeral idiomatically ("دقيقتان" = "two minutes"), so ~30 hits there are correct translations, not defects. Everything else is worth reading.
• Repeated indices are legitimate. %1$s appearing twice in a translation where the base uses it once is normal — German repeats the name where English says "They". Compare sets, and treat an arity difference as a question, not a verdict.

Quick scan over the missing keys:

# Flag missing English values that look like they should be <plurals>
while IFS= read -r key; do
  line=$(grep "name=\"$key\"" amethyst/src/main/res/values/strings.xml)
  # Hardcoded standalone "1" (word-boundary), or a count placeholder followed by a likely-countable noun
  if echo "$line" | grep -qE '>([^<]*\b1\b[^<]*|[^<]*%[0-9]*\$?d[^<]*)<'; then
    echo "PLURAL CANDIDATE: $line"
  fi
done < <(comm -23 \
  <(grep '<string name=' amethyst/src/main/res/values/strings.xml \
    | grep -v 'translatable="false"' \
    | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort) \
  <(grep '<string name=' amethyst/src/main/res/values-cs/strings.xml \
    | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort))

The regex is intentionally noisy — review each hit by hand. Many %d strings (e.g. "Limits for kind %1$d", "Max event size (bytes)") are not plural-bearing. Only flag the ones whose surrounding noun changes form with the count.

For each genuine match, stop and warn the user before translating, e.g.:

⚠️ notification_count is "1 new reply" — this hardcodes "1" and should likely be a <plurals> resource (e.g. quantity="one" → "%d new reply", quantity="other" → "%d new replies"). Convert before translating?

Do not silently translate plural-shaped <string> entries; the wrong shape will then need to be fixed in every locale.

5. Present results and ask to translate

Output the missing entries as raw XML resource lines (copy-paste ready):

    <string name="attestation_valid">Valid</string>
    <string name="attestation_valid_from">Valid from %1$s</string>
    <string name="feed_group_lists">Lists</string>

Also check <string-array> and <plurals> tags using the same approach if the project uses them.

Plurals: handle with care

When adding or proposing <plurals> entries, follow these rules:

• Never hardcode "1" in the English text of a quantity="one" item. Use the format placeholder (e.g. %1$d / %d) so the runtime substitutes the actual count. Hardcoding "1" breaks every language whose one category covers numbers other than 1 (e.g. some Slavic languages).

• Don't assume one + other is enough. CLDR plural categories vary by language: zero, one, two, few, many, other. Always include every category the target language uses, not just the categories present in English. Examples:

  • English (en): one, other
  • Czech (cs): one, few, many, other
  • Polish (pl): one, few, many, other
  • Russian (ru): one, few, many, other
  • Arabic (ar): zero, one, two, few, many, other
  • Latvian (lv): zero, one, other — its zero is not "no items"; it covers 0, 10, 11–19, 20, 30, …
  • German / Swedish / Brazilian Portuguese: one, other

• When a missing string contains a count placeholder and is conceptually a singular/plural pair, flag it before translating — it may belong as a <plurals> resource rather than a single <string>. Surface this to the user before proposing translations.

• Do not use quantity="zero" outside Arabic (ar), Latvian (lv) and Welsh (cy). CLDR's zero category is integer-bearing only in those three languages. Android calls PluralRules.select(0) for the device locale; in English/German/Czech/Polish/Russian/Swedish/Portuguese/etc. it returns other, so the explicit <item quantity="zero"> is never picked at runtime and the user sees "…0 items" instead of the intended wording. Conversely, never delete an existing zero item from ar/lv/cy — there it is live. If the design calls for "no items" at count=0, model it as a separate <string> and an if (count == 0) branch at the call site:

  val label = if (count == 0) {
      stringRes(R.string.foo_no_items, dateLabel)
  } else {
      pluralStringResource(R.plurals.foo_items, count, dateLabel, count)
  }
  

• Converting an existing <string> to <plurals>: give every locale its FULL category set, not just other. You must convert it in every locale that already had the <string> (aapt2 rejects a resource-type mismatch across locales, and an orphaned locale <string> trips ExtraTranslation) — but carrying the old text across as an other-only block, on the theory that Crowdin backfills the rest, fails MissingQuantity and breaks CI before Crowdin ever gets a turn. Supply one/few/many for pl, one for hu, and so on, at conversion time.

  Note this contradicts amethyst/src/main/res/CLAUDE.md step 3, which still advises the other-only shortcut. That advice is wrong; prefer this.

  Watch the declension when you do it: the retained text is usually the plural form, so reusing it verbatim for one produces "1 odpowiedzi". (2026-08-13: converting poll_results_selections with other only errored on both hu and pl, and the retained pl text was the few/many form.)

• A tools:ignore suppression must go on the SOURCE entry in values/strings.xml, never on a locale file. Crowdin propagates attributes declared on the source into every translation it exports; an attribute you add to values-xx/strings.xml alone is simply absent from the next export. That is why the existing tools:ignore="Typos" entries survive — they are declared on the source, and the copies in cs/de/ar/eo/bn are the result of propagation, not evidence that locale-file attributes stick. (2026-08-13: an ImpliedQuantity suppression added only to values-pt-rBR was stripped by the next sync and took main's CI red.)

  Before reaching for a suppression at all, check whether the key is even used — a grep -rn "<key>" --include='*.kt' that returns nothing means deleting the key is the better fix than muting the rule that objects to it.

• Reference: Android <plurals> docs and CLDR plural rules.

Then ask the user: "Would you like me to translate these missing strings into [list of target locales]?"

6. Adding translations (if approved)

When adding translated strings to locale files:

• Append new strings at the bottom of the file, just before the closing </resources> tag.

• Do NOT try to insert them in alphabetical or matching order — a separate process handles ordering.

• Insert into each locale ONLY the keys missing from that locale — never a shared "union" block. Because Crowdin strips keys asymmetrically (Step 2), a key you translate may already exist in some target locales. If you compute one union set of missing keys, translate it, and paste the same block into every locale, you will create duplicate keys in whichever locales already had them. Drive the insertion off the per-locale diff, not the union:

  # For each locale, insert only the keys comm -23 reports missing FOR THAT LOCALE.
  for l in cs de-rDE sv-rSE pt-rBR; do
    missing=$(comm -23 \
      <(grep '<string name=' $base/values/strings.xml | grep -v 'translatable="false"' \
        | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort) \
      <(grep '<string name=' $base/values-$l/strings.xml \
        | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)".*/\1/' | sort))
    # ... append ONLY the $missing keys' translations to values-$l/strings.xml ...
  done
  

  (This bit us on 2026-07-21: ps1_save_block, podcast_value_for_value, and chats_history_relays were each missing in only some commons locales, but the same 3-key block was pasted into all four — producing duplicates in the locales that already had them.)

• After inserting, verify each edited file has no duplicate keys AND is well-formed XML — before you call the task done. A duplicate key is not a warning: the commons tree's Compose-resources build task fails hard on it (convertXmlValueResourcesForCommonMain: … Duplicated key '…'), which breaks the build for everyone. Quick post-insertion gate over every file you touched:

  for f in <every edited strings.xml>; do
    dups=$(grep -oE '<(string|plurals) name="[^"]*"' "$f" \
      | sed 's/.*name="\([^"]*\)"/\1/' | sort | uniq -d)
    [ -n "$dups" ] && echo "DUP in $f: $dups"
    python3 -c "import xml.dom.minidom; xml.dom.minidom.parse('$f')" \
      || echo "MALFORMED $f"
  done
  # For a commons change, also run the build task that enforces this:
  #   ./gradlew :commons:convertXmlValueResourcesForCommonMain
  

• Then run Android lint. This is the gate that actually matches CI, and the checks above do NOT substitute for it. Duplicate-key + well-formedness + convertXmlValueResourcesForCommonMain can all pass on a change that still takes CI red, because the plural rules live in lint, not in the resource compiler:

  ./gradlew :amethyst:lintPlayBenchmark     # the task CI runs (.github/workflows/build.yml)
  

  There is no lint-baseline.xml in this repo and only MissingTranslation is disabled (amethyst/build.gradle.kts), so abortOnError bites on the first error. Three rules matter for a translation pass:

  Rule	Fires when	Severity
  MissingQuantity	a locale's <plurals> omits a CLDR category that locale uses	error for core categories — gates CI
  ImpliedQuantity	a quantity item has no format argument in a locale where that category spans more than one number	error — gates CI
  StringFormatCount / StringFormatMatches	a translation's placeholder count/type disagrees with the base entry	warning

  (2026-08-13: a pass that cleared the duplicate/XML gate above still failed lintPlayBenchmark with 3 errors. Compiling is not evidence — compileDebugKotlin passed on the same change.)

• Confirm the report says zero errors, don't just trust BUILD SUCCESSFUL of a wider invocation:

  python3 -c "
  import json,io,collections
  d=json.load(io.open('amethyst/build/reports/lint-results-playBenchmark.sarif',encoding='utf-8'))
  r=d['runs'][0]['results']
  print(dict(collections.Counter(x.get('level','warning') for x in r)))
  for x in r:
      if x.get('level')=='error': print('ERROR', x['ruleId'], x['locations'][0]['physicalLocation']['artifactLocation']['uri'])
  "
  

Common Mistakes

• Scanning only the amethyst tree — there are now two Crowdin-managed strings.xml trees (amethyst/src/main/res and commons/src/commonMain/composeResources). A key extracted into commons/ will never show up in the amethyst diff. Run the whole technique once per tree (see "Resource trees") and report each separately.
• Copying an overlapping commons translation by key name alone — a shared key name does NOT mean shared English. napplet_card_permissions is "What it can access" in commons but "Permissions:" in amethyst; copying by name produced the wrong string. Diff the English values first; copy verbatim only when they're byte-identical, else translate fresh (see "Overlap" in Resource trees).
• Applying amethyst's "…" whitespace-quote convention to a commons string — the commons Compose-resources tree authors edge whitespace raw and unquoted; wrapping quotes copied from amethyst render literally there. Match the commons source format.
• Trying to "dedupe" the amethyst↔commons value-overlap — it's required architecture (commons can't depend on amethyst, so shared composables need their own Res.string catalog), not an error. Don't fold consolidation into a translation pass.
• Forgetting translatable="false" — these should never appear in locale files
• Diffing only <string name= — <plurals> is a separate resource type; a source <plurals> missing from a locale will never show up in a <string> diff. Always run the diff twice (once per resource type) as shown in Step 2. The same goes for <string-array> if the project uses it.
• Trusting a git "sync-timestamp" heuristic to pre-filter the list — this skill used to skip keys added before the last New Crowdin translations commit, on the theory that Crowdin had already "decided" them. It was dropped: a key added shortly before an export that translators hadn't reached yet is genuinely missing, so the heuristic silently dropped real work. Use the raw on-disk diff and reconcile against the Crowdin web UI's untranslated count instead.
• Adding source-identical fallbacks locally — they get overwritten on the next Crowdin sync. Android falls back to values/strings.xml at runtime anyway, so a key intentionally kept as English already renders correctly. Skip these by inspection (brand terms, loanwords, v%1$s-style strings); don't translate them to an identical value.
• Skipping per-locale diffs when only diffing cs — Crowdin can strip different keys in different locales (each translator's choice), so cs is not a reliable upper bound. Diff each target locale and union the results.
• Pasting the union set of missing keys into every locale → duplicate keys — the union is the right set to translate, but the wrong set to insert. A key missing in only some locales, inserted into all of them, duplicates in the ones that already had it. Drive each file's insertion off its own per-locale diff (see Step 6). In commons, a duplicate key is build-breaking: convertXmlValueResourcesForCommonMain fails with Duplicated key '…'. Always run the post-insertion duplicate + XML-wellformedness gate in Step 6 before declaring done. (Happened 2026-07-21 with ps1_save_block / podcast_value_for_value / chats_history_relays.)
• Declaring the pass done without running :amethyst:lintPlayBenchmark — the duplicate-key + XML + convertXmlValueResourcesForCommonMain gate is necessary but nowhere near sufficient. MissingQuantity and ImpliedQuantity are errors, there is no lint baseline, and abortOnError is on, so a change that compiles and passes every check in Step 6's first half can still take CI red. Compiling is not evidence. (Happened 2026-08-13: 3 lint errors after a clean duplicate/XML gate and a green compileFdroidDebugKotlin.)
• Converting a <string> to <plurals> with other only — "Crowdin fills the rest" is false; MissingQuantity errors immediately and CI fails before any sync. Supply every category the locale uses at conversion time, and re-check the declension rather than reusing the old text for one.
• Renaming or removing a key in values/strings.xml without deleting it from every locale in the same commit — the surviving locale entries become orphans, and ExtraTranslation is an error. "Crowdin drops retired keys on its next sync" is the same false belief as the other-only shortcut above: lint runs on the tree you push. Worse, it's partly true — the sync cleans some locales and silently leaves others, so the files you happen to open look fine. Scan with the sub-second .claude/hooks/orphan_strings_check.py instead of the ~19-minute lint; see amethyst/src/main/res/CLAUDE.md, "Renaming or removing a string key". (Happened 2026-08-31: route_video/new_short left in 15 of 47 locales, 30 errors, red main.)
• Putting tools:ignore on a locale file — Crowdin strips it on the next export. Suppressions belong on the source entry in values/strings.xml, which propagates. The tools:ignore="Typos" copies visible in cs/de/ar/eo/bn are the result of that propagation, not proof that locale-file attributes survive. (Happened 2026-08-13; it broke main.)
• Suppressing a lint rule on a key nothing references — check grep -rn "<key>" --include='*.kt' first. poll_results_voters was a bare noun with no count, zero call sites, and an unlocalizable shape; deleting it retired the problem outright where a suppression would only have muted it.
• Comparing placeholders without a (?<!\\) guard — \%2$d is an escaped literal to lint, but a naive %\d+\$[sd] regex matches the placeholder inside it and reports the string clean. A parity sweep missing this guard will certify a broken translation. Also treat a repeated index (%1$s twice where the base has it once) as legitimate — German does this where English says "They".
• Reading an empty <item quantity="…"></item> as merely "untranslated" — it renders as nothing at runtime, and for a category like Polish many (5–21, 25–31, …) that is the common case, not an edge case. Grep for them explicitly; the missing-key diff will never surface one because the key is present.
• Inserting strings in a specific position — always append at the bottom; ordering is h

…(truncated)