Log Analyzer

Log Analyzer

Parses structured (JSON, logfmt) and unstructured application logs to identify error trends, anomaly spikes, performance degradation patterns, and actionable insights — with a focus on operational intelligence and incident investigation.

When to Use

• User shares log output and asks "what went wrong?"
• Investigating a production incident or outage
• High error rates are reported and root cause is unknown
• User asks to "find errors in these logs" or "summarize what happened"
• Anomaly detection is needed (spike in error rate, latency increase)
• Security events need to be identified (auth failures, unusual access patterns)

Process

1. Identify the log format:

   • Structured JSON: parse fields like level, message, timestamp, error, trace_id
   • logfmt: key=value pairs, parse as structured
   • Apache/Nginx access logs: $remote_addr - - [$time] "$request" $status $bytes
   • Syslog / journald: <priority>timestamp host process[pid]: message
   • Unstructured: apply pattern matching and regex extraction

2. Establish the time range and baseline:

   • Identify the earliest and latest timestamps in the log
   • Count total log volume per minute/hour to establish baseline
   • Note any obvious time-based patterns (spikes, gaps, silent periods)

3. Extract and count errors by type:

   • Group by error message, exception class, or HTTP status code
   • Count occurrences and calculate error rate (errors / total requests or events)
   • Rank error types by frequency
   • Flag error rate increases compared to prior baseline period

4. Identify anomaly spikes:

   • Time windows with >2x normal error rate
   • Sudden appearance of a new error type
   • Latency percentiles (P99, P95) exceeding thresholds
   • Specific user IDs, IPs, or services appearing disproportionately

5. Trace correlated events:

   • Group log lines by trace_id, request_id, or session_id to reconstruct request flows
   • Find the sequence of events leading to an error
   • Identify which service or function in the call chain first logged the error

6. Detect security events:

   • Repeated authentication failures from the same IP (brute force)
   • Access to sensitive paths (admin, .env, config files)
   • Unusual HTTP methods or oversized request payloads
   • Token/session reuse anomalies

7. Produce a structured summary with timeline, top errors, and recommended actions.

Output Format

## Log Analysis Report

**Log range:** 2024-03-15 09:00 UTC → 2024-03-15 11:30 UTC (2.5 hours)
**Total events:** 284,312
**Error rate:** 3.2% (baseline: 0.4%) — **8x elevated**

---

### Timeline
- `09:00–09:47` — Normal traffic (~1,800 req/min, 0.4% errors)
- `09:47` — 🔴 Error spike begins: `ConnectionError: DB connection pool exhausted`
- `09:47–10:15` — 28 minutes of degraded service (18% error rate)
- `10:15` — Error rate returns to baseline (likely pool expansion or traffic drop)
- `10:15–11:30` — Normal operations

---

### Top Errors (09:47–10:15 window)

| Rank | Error | Count | % of errors |
|------|-------|-------|-------------|
| 1 | `ConnectionError: DB pool exhausted` | 2,847 | 64% |
| 2 | `Timeout: downstream /api/inventory 30s` | 891 | 20% |
| 3 | `ValidationError: missing field 'quantity'` | 412 | 9% |

---

### Root Cause Analysis
The DB connection pool exhaustion at 09:47 correlates with a deployment at 09:45
(seen in logs: `[INFO] New deployment: v2.3.1`). The new version likely introduced
a connection leak or reduced the pool size. The inventory timeout errors are
a cascade effect — DB slowness caused the inventory service to time out,
generating secondary errors.

---

### Recommended Actions
1. Roll back to v2.3.0 or hot-patch the connection pool configuration
2. Add alerting on DB pool exhaustion (currently no alert exists)
3. Investigate `ValidationError` on `quantity` field — unrelated to the incident
   but represents a pre-existing issue requiring a separate fix

Examples

Example Input

2024-03-15T09:47:12Z ERROR ConnectionError: DB connection pool exhausted at getUser (db.js:45)
2024-03-15T09:47:13Z ERROR ConnectionError: DB connection pool exhausted at getUser (db.js:45)
2024-03-15T09:47:13Z WARN  Request timeout after 30s: GET /api/orders/123
[... 3000 more similar lines ...]
2024-03-15T10:15:02Z INFO  Health check passed. DB connections: 5/20 available

Example Output

28-minute incident starting at 09:47 UTC.
Primary cause: DB connection pool exhaustion (64% of errors).
Secondary cascade: /api/orders timeouts due to DB unavailability (20%).

Incident resolved at ~10:15 UTC when pool recovered.
Recommend: add pool monitoring alert, review recent deployment for connection leaks.

Boundaries

• Do NOT attempt to access live log streams or external logging services — only analyze log content provided in the conversation.
• Do NOT reveal PII found in logs (email addresses, user IDs, IP addresses) beyond what is necessary for the analysis — generalize where possible.
• If logs are truncated or sampled, note that findings may not represent the complete picture.
• Do NOT make definitive root cause claims without corroborating evidence — use qualified language ("likely", "correlates with").
• If log volume is too large to fully analyze in context, prioritize the error-dense time windows and note the sampling approach.
• Do NOT generate queries against logging services (Splunk, Datadog, Loki) unless the user provides the query interface and credentials are not required.