Feature Spec

Feature Spec

Overview

The Feature Spec skill enables product managers to write detailed, implementation-ready feature specifications that bridge design and engineering. It combines functional requirements, technical specifications, and UX flows into a single source of truth.

When to Use This Skill

• Defining technical requirements for features
• Specifying API contracts and data models
• Documenting edge cases and error handling
• Creating UX flows and wireframes
• Ensuring design and engineering alignment
• Providing engineering with complete specifications
• Documenting complex interactions and workflows

Feature Specification Template

Executive Summary

Feature Name: [Clear, descriptive name] Feature ID: [Unique identifier] Owner (PM): [Name] Owner (Engineering): [Name] Status: [Draft / Review / Approved / In Development] Last Updated: [Date]

One-sentence description: [What does this feature do in user terms]

Business context: [Why are we building this, customer problem, business goal]

Key metrics: [How success will be measured]

Functional Requirements

Primary Use Cases

Use Case 1: [Name]

• Actor: [Who]
• Precondition: [System state before]
• Main flow:
  1. [Step 1]
  2. [Step 2]
  3. [Step 3]
• Alternative flows:
  • [If condition], then [steps]
• Postcondition: [System state after]
• Error handling: [What goes wrong]

Detailed Functional Specifications

Requirement 1: Real-Time Updates

Description: When a team member updates a task, all other team members viewing that project should see the update within 2 seconds.

Acceptance criteria:

• Update broadcasts to all connected clients within 2 seconds
• Update includes: task ID, new status, old status, timestamp, user who made change
• Broadcast uses WebSocket (not polling)
• Works across different devices and browsers
• Offline users receive update upon reconnection

Technical notes:

• Requires persistent connection management
• Handle network failures gracefully
• Broadcast to all except sender (to avoid echo)

Requirement 2: Activity Feed Display

Description: Users can view a timeline of all changes to a project in reverse chronological order.

Acceptance criteria:

• Feed shows all activities (task updates, comments, assignments, status changes)
• Sorted by timestamp, newest first
• Each item shows: actor, action, target object, timestamp, context
• Feed loads initial 20 items, pagination for more
• User can filter by: activity type, assignee, task, date range
• Search activity by keywords

Technical notes:

• Paginate to prevent massive data loads
• Create composite activity from multiple sub-events (group updates in same minute)
• Store in activity table with denormalized fields for performance

Requirement 3: Notification Delivery

Description: Users receive notifications when activities relevant to them occur.

Acceptance criteria:

• User receives notification within 5 seconds of event
• Notification includes: who, what action, what object, context link
• User can configure which activity types trigger notifications
• User can choose delivery method: in-app, email, Slack, mobile push
• User can set do-not-disturb hours (no notifications outside hours)
• Notifications grouped to prevent fatigue (max 1 email per hour)

Technical notes:

• Different notification channels have different latency (email slower than in-app)
• Respect user preferences in configuration
• Implement batching for notifications

Edge Cases and Error Handling

Error Scenarios

Scenario 1: Network Disconnection During Status Update

• User updates task status on mobile
• Network drops before confirmation
• Expected behavior:
  • UI shows "pending" state
  • Auto-retry when connection restored
  • Show error if retry fails after 3 attempts
  • Allow manual retry
• Technical approach:
  • Queue updates locally (IndexedDB)
  • Sync when connection restored
  • Handle conflicts if status changed during disconnect

Scenario 2: Duplicate Update Event

• Same update received twice (network retry)
• Expected behavior:
  • Deduplicate on client and server
  • No duplicate activity feed entry
  • Idempotent update (safe to apply twice)
• Technical approach:
  • Include event ID with update
  • Check for duplicate on server before processing
  • Return 200 OK even if already processed

Scenario 3: Concurrent Updates to Same Task

• Two users update same task simultaneously
• Expected behavior:
  • Both updates apply (not last-write-wins)
  • No data loss
  • Feed shows both updates in order
  • No conflicts or corruption
• Technical approach:
  • Use operational transformation or conflict-free replicas
  • Timestamp-based ordering for feed
  • Test with load testing

Scenario 4: User Permissions Changed During Viewing

• User viewing project loses permission (removed from team)
• Expected behavior:
  • Activity feed disappears or error message
  • User redirected to accessible page
  • No sensitive data leaked
• Technical approach:
  • Server checks permission before returning data
  • Client handles 403 Forbidden gracefully
  • Show clear error message

Scenario 5: Very Large Activity Feeds (1000+ items)

• Project with year-long history of activities
• Expected behavior:
  • Feed still loads quickly
  • Pagination works smoothly
  • Search performance acceptable
• Technical approach:
  • Index on timestamps and filters
  • Database query optimization
  • Virtual scrolling on client

Data Model Specifications

Database Schema

Table: activities

CREATE TABLE activities (
  id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
  project_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES projects(id),
  actor_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id),
  action_type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    -- task_status_changed, task_comment_added, task_assigned, etc.
  target_type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    -- task, comment, assignment, project
  target_id UUID NOT NULL,
    -- ID of the object being changed
  old_value JSONB,
    -- Previous state (for updates): { "status": "todo" }
  new_value JSONB,
    -- New state: { "status": "done" }
  metadata JSONB,
    -- Extra context: { "duration_hours": 8, "effort_score": 5 }
  created_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
  updated_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),

  CONSTRAINT check_values CHECK (
    (old_value IS NOT NULL OR new_value IS NOT NULL)
  )
);

CREATE INDEX idx_activities_project_created
  ON activities(project_id, created_at DESC);

CREATE INDEX idx_activities_actor_created
  ON activities(actor_id, created_at DESC);

Table: notification_preferences

CREATE TABLE notification_preferences (
  id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
  user_id UUID NOT NULL UNIQUE REFERENCES users(id),

  -- Activity type toggles
  task_status_changed BOOLEAN DEFAULT true,
  task_comment_added BOOLEAN DEFAULT true,
  task_assigned_to_me BOOLEAN DEFAULT true,

  -- Delivery method (can choose multiple)
  email_enabled BOOLEAN DEFAULT true,
  in_app_enabled BOOLEAN DEFAULT true,
  slack_enabled BOOLEAN DEFAULT false,
  mobile_push_enabled BOOLEAN DEFAULT true,

  -- Do not disturb
  dnd_enabled BOOLEAN DEFAULT false,
  dnd_start TIME,  -- 22:00
  dnd_end TIME,    -- 08:00

  -- Batching
  email_batch_frequency VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT 'hourly',
    -- realtime, daily, weekly, never

  created_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
  updated_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
);

Table: activity_subscriptions

CREATE TABLE activity_subscriptions (
  id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
  user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id),
  resource_type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,  -- task, project
  resource_id UUID NOT NULL,
  subscription_type VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    -- all_activities, mentions_only, assigned_only
  created_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
);

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_user_resource_subscription
  ON activity_subscriptions(user_id, resource_type, resource_id);

Data Dictionary

Field: action_type

• Type: VARCHAR(50)
• Valid values:
  • task_status_changed: Task moved to different status
  • task_comment_added: Comment added to task
  • task_assigned: Task assigned to user
  • task_unassigned: Task unassigned from user
  • task_description_updated: Description field modified
  • task_due_date_changed: Due date modified
  • task_priority_changed: Priority modified
  • project_created: Project created
  • project_deleted: Project deleted
  • team_member_added: Team member added to project
  • team_member_removed: Team member removed from project

Field: old_value and new_value

• Type: JSONB
• Structure depends on action_type
• Examples:

  // For task_status_changed
  {
    "old": { "status": "todo" },
    "new": { "status": "in_progress" }
  }
  
  // For task_comment_added
  {
    "new": {
      "comment_id": "abc123",
      "text": "This is a comment",
      "commenter": "Sarah"
    }
  }
  
  // For task_assigned
  {
    "new": {
      "assignee_id": "user123",
      "assignee_name": "John"
    }
  }
  

API Specifications

Endpoint: Get Activity Feed

Request:

GET /api/v1/projects/{projectId}/activities

Query parameters:
- limit: number (default: 20, max: 100)
- offset: number (default: 0)
- action_type: string (optional, filter)
- actor_id: string (optional, filter)
- start_date: ISO8601 (optional, filter)
- end_date: ISO8601 (optional, filter)
- search: string (optional, keyword search)

Headers:
- Authorization: Bearer {token}

Response (200 OK):

{
  "data": [
    {
      "id": "activity-123",
      "project_id": "proj-456",
      "actor": {
        "id": "user-789",
        "name": "Sarah Chen",
        "avatar_url": "https://..."
      },
      "action_type": "task_status_changed",
      "action_label": "changed status",
      "target": {
        "type": "task",
        "id": "task-999",
        "name": "Build user auth",
        "url": "/tasks/task-999"
      },
      "old_value": { "status": "todo" },
      "new_value": { "status": "in_progress" },
      "created_at": "2024-02-20T14:30:00Z",
      "metadata": {
        "duration_in_status": "2 days"
      }
    }
  ],
  "pagination": {
    "total": 250,
    "offset": 0,
    "limit": 20,
    "has_more": true
  }
}

Response (401 Unauthorized):

{
  "error": "Unauthorized",
  "message": "Authentication required"
}

Response (403 Forbidden):

{
  "error": "Forbidden",
  "message": "You don't have access to this project"
}

Endpoint: Update Task Status (triggering activity)

Request:

PATCH /api/v1/tasks/{taskId}

Body:
{
  "status": "in_progress"
}

Headers:
- Authorization: Bearer {token}
- Content-Type: application/json

Response (200 OK):

{
  "id": "task-999",
  "name": "Build user auth",
  "status": "in_progress",
  "updated_at": "2024-02-20T14:30:00Z",
  "activity_id": "activity-123"
}

Activity created automatically:

• action_type: task_status_changed
• old_value: { "status": "todo" }
• new_value: { "status": "in_progress" }

Endpoint: Update Notification Preferences

Request:

PUT /api/v1/notifications/preferences

Body:
{
  "email_enabled": true,
  "in_app_enabled": true,
  "slack_enabled": false,
  "mobile_push_enabled": true,
  "email_batch_frequency": "hourly",
  "dnd_enabled": true,
  "dnd_start": "22:00",
  "dnd_end": "08:00"
}

Response (200 OK):

{
  "id": "pref-123",
  "user_id": "user-789",
  "email_enabled": true,
  "in_app_enabled": true,
  "slack_enabled": false,
  "mobile_push_enabled": true,
  "updated_at": "2024-02-20T14:30:00Z"
}

WebSocket: Real-time Activity Broadcast

Connect:

WS /api/v1/ws?token={token}&project_id={projectId}

Subscribe to project activities:

{
  "type": "subscribe",
  "project_id": "proj-456"
}

Receive activity (broadcasted):

{
  "type": "activity_created",
  "data": {
    "id": "activity-123",
    "project_id": "proj-456",
    "action_type": "task_status_changed",
    "actor": { "id": "user-789", "name": "Sarah Chen" },
    "target": { "type": "task", "id": "task-999", "name": "Build user auth" },
    "new_value": { "status": "in_progress" },
    "created_at": "2024-02-20T14:30:00Z"
  }
}

User Experience Flows

Flow 1: Viewing Activity Feed

Screen 1: Activity Feed List

┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Activity Feed                       │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [Filter ▼] [Search _______________] │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Sarah Chen changed status           │
│ "Build auth" → in progress          │
│ 2 hours ago                         │
│                                     │
│ John Lee added comment              │
│ "Build auth" - "Great progress"     │
│ 3 hours ago                         │
│                                     │
│ Project created "Mobile App"        │
│ by Jane Doe                         │
│ Yesterday                           │
│                                     │
│ [Load more]                         │
└─────────────────────────────────────┘

Interactions:

• Click on activity → navigate to task/object
• Click filter → show options (type, date, assignee)
• Type in search → filter by keywords
• Scroll to bottom → load more items
• Real-time: New activities appear at top

Flow 2: Updating Task Status (triggering activity)

Current state: Task in "todo" status

User action: Click task, change status dropdown to "in_progress"

System behavior:

1. API call to update task (PATCH /api/v1/tasks/{id})
2. Server updates task status
3. Server creates activity record automatically
4. Server broadcasts activity via WebSocket
5. Client receives broadcast
6. Activity appears in feed in real-time for all connected users
7. UI shows optimistic update (status changes immediately)

Flow 3: Configuring Notifications

Screen: Notification Settings Modal

┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Notification Preferences             │
├──────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Activity Types                       │
│ ☑ Task status changed                │
│ ☑ Task assigned to me                │
│ ☑ New comments                       │
│ ☐ Task description updated           │
│                                      │
│ Delivery Methods                     │
│ ☑ Email                              │
│ ☑ In-app                             │
│ ☐ Slack                              │
│ ☑ Mobile push                        │
│                                      │
│ Email Settings                       │
│ Batch frequency: [Hourly ▼]          │
│                                      │
│ Do Not Disturb                       │
│ ☑ Enabled                            │
│ From: [22:00] To: [08:00]            │
│                                      │
│ [Save] [Cancel]                      │
└──────────────────────────────────────┘

Performance Requirements

Response Time Targets

Scalability Requirements

• Support 10,000 concurrent WebSocket connections per server
• Handle 1,000 activities created per minute
• Activity feeds with 100,000+ items must load <2 seconds
• Database queries must return in <500ms for p95

Data Volume Estimates

• Activities table: ~100M rows (1 year of data)
• Notification preferences: 1M rows (1 user per row)
• Daily activities created: 50K - 500K (depends on usage)

Acceptance Criteria

• All functional requirements implemented
• All acceptance criteria met and tested
• All edge cases handled appropriately
• All error scenarios tested
• Performance targets met (p95 latency)
• Scalability tested with load testing
• Security review completed
• Data consistency verified
• Documentation complete
• QA testing approved
• Product Manager sign-off obtained
• Ready for launch

Output Deliverables

1. Feature Specification Document - Complete spec (20-30 pages)
2. Data Model Diagrams - Schema visualization
3. API Documentation - OpenAPI/Swagger definition
4. UX Flow Diagrams - User journey for each feature
5. Wireframes - UI mockups for each screen
6. Error Handling Guide - Edge cases and responses
7. Performance Baseline - Load testing results
8. Implementation Checklist - Engineer handoff document