wdm0006 Shipping Across Surfaces
Most product facts are stated more than once. The feature exists in code, is described on a landing page, summarized for agents, listed in a changelog, repeated in a nav badge, restated in a README, and embedded again in the description string of every tool or endpoint that exposes it. Each copy drifts independently, and none of them are covered by tests.
The failure is never loud. Nothing goes red; the product simply describes itself inaccurately in the four places you didn't edit, and the one place a reader happened to look is the stale one.
Enumerate the surface inventory once, in the repo
"I'll remember the other places" does not survive the second feature. Write the
list down — in CONTRIBUTING.md, a PR template, or the skill/guide the project
already keeps — and treat it as the definition of done for a user-facing change.
A realistic inventory for a product with a public site:
- Landing page: hero, section ledes, the feature cards, the free/paid list
<meta>/ OG / Twitter tags, and the structured data (SoftwareApplicationdescription,FAQPageentries) — search engines read the copy you forgot- Docs page, and any machine-readable summary for agents (
llms.txt) - Changelog entry and the version badge repeated in the nav of every page
- Sitemap, and the footer product column present on every page
- README, comparison pages, onboarding/skill files
- The descriptions embedded in code — every tool, command, or endpoint description, not just the primary one
That last bullet is the one that gets missed. A rename lands in the tool it was named after and stays wrong in the three sibling tools that mention it in passing. Grep for the old string across the whole tree, not just the docs directory, before calling the change done.
All of these ship in the same PR. A follow-up "update docs" commit means the interval between them shipped a product that contradicted itself.
Prefer a generated surface to a restated one
The surfaces above are drudgery precisely because they're copies. Delete the copy where you can:
- An API reference rendered from the live schema self-syncs and needs no hand edit when the API changes. That page is free forever.
- A version badge repeated across forty pages belongs in a template/partial or a build-time injection, not in forty files.
- A "supported features" list is better derived from the registry it describes than typed a second time.
Where generation isn't practical, make drift fail a test rather than a review.
def test_readme_documents_every_registered_tool():
registered = {t.name for t in get_registered_tools()}
documented = parse_tool_names(README.read_text())
assert documented == registered # fails on add, remove, and rename
Compare against the live registry, not a second hand-written list — a test that compares two hand-maintained lists only proves you updated both copies of the same mistake. The same rule covers duplicated dependency metadata and committed build outputs; see ../build-artifacts/SKILL.md.
A response model is only half the contract
A typed backend and an untyped frontend can disagree without either side
failing. Renaming a Pydantic field updates serialization and keeps every Python
test green, while a Jinja template's inline JavaScript still reads the old name
inside a template literal. The browser then renders undefined: valid
JavaScript, no exception, no backend failure.
Treat every serialized field rename as a producer-and-consumer change:
# Search the whole tree, not just Python call sites. Templates and committed
# JavaScript bundles are consumers too.
rg 'old_field|new_field' .
Then pin the boundary with a test that uses the real serialized response and the real consumer. A browser test is ideal when available. A cheaper contract test can still make the hidden dependency explicit:
def test_dashboard_consumes_the_audit_response_contract():
payload = AuditResponse.example().model_dump()
template = Path("templates/dashboard.html").read_text()
for field in ("summary", "recommendations"):
assert field in payload
assert f"result.{field}" in template
This test is deliberately narrow: it does not claim to execute JavaScript. It
makes a field rename fail in the same change that alters the response model,
instead of relying on someone to notice undefined in a rendered page. Prefer
generating a typed client or shared schema when the frontend architecture allows
it; otherwise keep this boundary test beside the producer's contract tests.
Don't hand-maintain a copy of a surface you don't own
The tempting shortcut when validating against another system — another service's tool names, another team's enum, a partner API's status codes — is to paste the current values into a constant and check against it.
# Anti-pattern: a private snapshot of someone else's public surface.
KNOWN_TOOLS = {"search", "create", "archive"} # correct until they ship
It is stale the moment the owner ships, and the staleness surfaces as your validator rejecting valid input. Worse, nothing in your repo can detect it: you have no reference to compare against.
Truth flows outward from whoever owns it. The owning codebase publishes a
generated, versioned artifact — a committed tools.json carrying the source
version and commit — and the consumer reads that file. Ask "who owns this fact,
and which direction is it moving?" before writing the check. A design where your
repo reaches into theirs to scrape the truth is the wrong direction and will
break on access, auth, or refactor; a design where they publish and you consume
is stable.
Checks that need no external truth are fine to land standalone: a denylist of known-bad legacy patterns, a structural schema check, a "this field is required" assertion. Those describe your own expectations, not their surface.
A format change needs its consumer's PR in the same breath
When one codebase encodes and a different one decodes — a share-link payload, an export file, a cache key, a webhook body — the format is a contract between two repos, and half a contract is an outage.
- Open the paired PR in the consumer repo at the same time, proactively. Don't land the producer side and file an issue for the other end.
- Version the payload so an old decoder can detect a new format instead of misparsing it into plausible garbage.
- Where the two are on different release cadences (an app store review vs. a static site deploy), ship the decoder first and the encoder second.
If the counterpart repo is private and this one is public, refer to it by what it does — "the site that serves the share links" — never by slug, path, or URL. Naming the public product a piece of content is about is expected; leaking the name of a private repository is not. That distinction is worth a CI check in any public repo that has a private counterpart.
Keep overloaded words apart
Products accumulate words that name two different things. One system may have a per-feed, unsigned POST configured on a resource and an account-wide, signed, retried event stream with a delivery log — and call both a "webhook." Once copy uses the bare word, every sentence about either becomes ambiguous and support questions stop being answerable.
Write the two definitions down with a canonical label for each, put them somewhere new copy is written against, and never let the bare overloaded word stand alone in user-facing text. This applies to nav labels and tool descriptions as much as to prose — the label is the surface most people read.
Note that in an LLM-backed product, some of these strings are not documentation at all: structured-output field descriptions and tool descriptions are read by the model and change its behavior. See ../../python/llm-features/SKILL.md.
Make factual claims traceable
Copy that asserts things about behavior ("processes N per second", "caps withdrawals per settlement") drifts from the code faster than any other surface, because nothing recompiles when it becomes false.
Keep a claim ledger with stable identifiers, cite the identifier inline from the copy, and record provenance in the ledger rather than repeating it in the prose. Two rules make it survive:
- Append, never renumber. A new claim continues the numbering; reusing or renumbering an identifier silently repoints every existing citation.
- When two ledgers cover the same fact, cite the more rigorously derived one — a measured benchmark row over a read-the-source row — so the weaker claim can't outlive its replacement.
A repo-level check that every factual sentence carries a citation turns this from a habit into a gate.
Checklist
Before calling a user-facing change done:
- [ ] Surface inventory exists in the repo and was walked, not recalled
- [ ] Old strings grepped for across the whole tree, including code descriptions
- [ ] Serialized field renames grepped through templates and frontend code
- [ ] Untyped response consumers covered by a boundary contract test
- [ ] Every sibling tool/endpoint description mentioning the feature updated
- [ ] Changelog entry added and the repeated version badge bumped everywhere
- [ ] All surfaces in ONE PR, not a docs follow-up
Reducing the surface count:
- [ ] Anything renderable from a live schema/registry is generated, not typed
- [ ] Repeated fragments live in a template/partial, not N files
- [ ] Unavoidable duplication has a drift test against the live source
Across repo boundaries:
- [ ] No hand-maintained snapshot of a surface another codebase owns
- [ ] Truth flows outward from the owner as a versioned, generated artifact
- [ ] Format changes ship a paired consumer PR; payload is versioned
- [ ] Decoder deploys before encoder when cadences differ
- [ ] Public content names no private repo slug, path, or URL
Wording:
- [ ] Overloaded product terms have written definitions and canonical labels
- [ ] Factual claims cite a stable ledger identifier; identifiers are append-only