Threejs Guide

Three.js Coding Guidelines

Vanilla Three.js for scene setup, rendering, meshes, materials, lights, animation, interaction, and effects.

Essentials

• Scene structure - Organize Object3D hierarchy; use Groups for logical organization, see references/scene-fundamentals.md
• Render loop - Frame-rate independence with clock.getDelta(), see references/scene-fundamentals.md
• Disposal - Dispose geometries, materials, textures to prevent memory leaks, see references/scene-fundamentals.md
• Pixel ratio - Cap at 2 with Math.min(devicePixelRatio, 2), see references/scene-fundamentals.md
• Color space - NoColorSpace for data textures (normal/roughness/metalness), not sRGB, see references/textures.md
• Shadows - Enable on renderer, light, mesh; keep frustum tight, see references/lighting-shadows.md

Core Topics

• Read references/scene-fundamentals.md - Scene, Renderer, Object3D, cleanup, render loop
• Read references/geometry.md - Shapes, BufferGeometry, custom geometry, instancing
• Read references/cameras-controls.md - Cameras, OrbitControls, FlyControls, viewport
• Read references/materials.md - PBR materials, ShaderMaterial, properties
• Read references/textures.md - Loading, UV mapping, render targets, environment
• Read references/lighting-shadows.md - Lights, shadows, IBL, light probes
• Read references/animation.md - Keyframes, skeletal, morph targets, AnimationMixer
• Read references/interaction.md - Raycasting, selection, drag, coordinate conversion
• Read references/loaders.md - GLTF, FBX, textures, HDR, compression
• Read references/shaders.md - GLSL shaders, uniforms, varyings
• Read references/postprocessing.md - Bloom, DOF, SSAO, custom effects
• Read references/performance.md - InstancedMesh, LOD, culling, batching, profiling
• Read references/patterns.md - Architecture patterns, asset management, state machines
• Read references/math.md - Vector3, Matrix4, Quaternion, Box3, curves, MathUtils
• Read references/node-materials.md - TSL (Three Shading Language), node-based materials
• Read references/physics-vr.md - Physics engines (Rapier, Cannon), WebXR (VR/AR)
• Read references/webgpu.md - WebGPU renderer, compute shaders, modern GPU

Gotchas

• Geometries, materials, and textures must be explicitly .dispose()d: JS GC doesn't free GPU memory; long sessions leak VRAM
• BufferGeometry replaced legacy Geometry years ago: old tutorials using Geometry silently fail on current versions
• renderer.setPixelRatio(window.devicePixelRatio) is critical for retina, without it, scenes render at 1× and look blurry
• Loading a .glb/.gltf is async: accessing scene.children immediately after loader.load() returns an empty array