Test Preserving Refactor

Purpose

Refactoring is only safe if it is backed by tests. Work in a strict loop — green baseline, one structural change, immediate re-run, revert on red — so you are never trapped in an uncompilable state.

When to Use

• Code needs restructuring (extract/inline/move) without behavior change
• A previous refactor spiraled into a broken, hard-to-recover state
• Tests covering the target area exist or can be run

Inputs

• The target area and the command that runs just its tests

Workflow

1. Run tests first. Before touching any code, run the tests covering the target area. They MUST be green. If they are red, stop and fix the tests (or the code) first:

   npx jest path/to/target           # or: pytest tests/test_target.py -q
   

2. Small steps. Make one structural change at a time (e.g., extract a method).

3. Run tests immediately after the single structural change. The per-change loop:

   # repeat per structural change: edit -> test -> commit (green) | revert (red)
   npx jest path/to/target && git commit -am "refactor: extract X" || git checkout -- .
   

4. Revert on red. If the tests fail, you made a mistake. Revert the change (git checkout -- . or git restore .) and try a different approach. Do not attempt to "fix" the refactor while tests are failing.

5. Commit on green. Once the small change is green, consider it a safe checkpoint.

This strict loop prevents you from getting trapped in an uncompilable state.

Output

• A chain of small, individually green commits
• The final test run output proving unchanged behavior

Verification

• Baseline test run was green before the first edit
• Exactly one structural change per test cycle
• Every red result handled by revert, not forward-fixing
• Each green step committed as a checkpoint
• No test was modified to make the refactor pass

Failure Modes

• Refactoring on red — starting from failing tests means you cannot tell what you broke.
• Step batching — three changes per test run; when it fails, you don't know which one did it.
• Forward-fixing a broken refactor — "fixing" while red digs the hole deeper; revert is cheaper.
• Bending the tests — editing assertions to match new behavior is a behavior change, not a refactor.