Sbom Generation

SBOM Generation

Generate complete, standards-compliant Software Bill of Materials documentation for security, compliance, and supply chain management.

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when you need to:

• Meet NTIA minimum element requirements
• Comply with EU Cyber Resilience Act
• Track software dependencies
• Identify vulnerable components
• Prepare for security audits
• Establish supply chain transparency

Trigger phrases: "generate SBOM", "software bill of materials", "dependency inventory", "NTIA compliance", "EU CRA", "CycloneDX", "SPDX"

What This Skill Does

SBOM Standards

Compliance Frameworks

• NTIA Minimum Elements - US government requirements
• EU Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) - European compliance
• Executive Order 14028 - US federal suppliers
• FDA Requirements - Medical device software

Instructions

NTIA Minimum Elements

The NTIA requires these seven elements:

1. Supplier Name - Who created the component
2. Component Name - Name of the software
3. Version - Component version string
4. Unique Identifier - PURL, CPE, or other ID
5. Dependency Relationship - How components relate
6. Author - Who created the SBOM
7. Timestamp - When SBOM was created

Generate SBOM by Language

Python

# Using pip-licenses
pip install pip-licenses
pip-licenses --format=json --output-file=sbom-licenses.json

# Using cyclonedx-bom
pip install cyclonedx-bom
cyclonedx-py -r requirements.txt -o sbom.json --format json

# Using syft (multi-language)
syft . -o cyclonedx-json=sbom.json

JavaScript/Node.js

# Using cyclonedx-npm
npx @cyclonedx/cyclonedx-npm --output-file sbom.json

# Using npm audit for vulnerabilities
npm audit --json > audit.json

# Using syft
syft . -o spdx-json=sbom.json

Java

# Using cyclonedx-maven-plugin
mvn org.cyclonedx:cyclonedx-maven-plugin:makeBom

# Using gradle plugin
# Add to build.gradle:
# plugins { id 'org.cyclonedx.bom' version '1.7.4' }
gradle cyclonedxBom

C#/.NET

# Using dotnet-cyclonedx
dotnet tool install -g CycloneDX
dotnet CycloneDX project.csproj -o sbom.json -j

# Using nuget
nuget locals all -list

Go

# Using cyclonedx-gomod
go install github.com/CycloneDX/cyclonedx-gomod/cmd/cyclonedx-gomod@latest
cyclonedx-gomod mod -json=true > sbom.json

# Using syft
syft . -o cyclonedx-json=sbom.json

CycloneDX SBOM Example

{
  "bomFormat": "CycloneDX",
  "specVersion": "1.5",
  "serialNumber": "urn:uuid:550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",
  "version": 1,
  "metadata": {
    "timestamp": "2025-01-15T10:30:00Z",
    "tools": [
      {
        "vendor": "CycloneDX",
        "name": "cyclonedx-python",
        "version": "3.0.0"
      }
    ],
    "authors": [
      {
        "name": "Security Team",
        "email": "security@example.com"
      }
    ],
    "component": {
      "type": "application",
      "name": "my-application",
      "version": "1.0.0",
      "description": "My Application Description",
      "licenses": [
        {
          "license": {
            "id": "MIT"
          }
        }
      ],
      "purl": "pkg:pypi/my-application@1.0.0"
    },
    "manufacture": {
      "name": "Example Corp",
      "url": [
        "https://example.com"
      ]
    },
    "supplier": {
      "name": "Example Corp",
      "url": [
        "https://example.com"
      ],
      "contact": [
        {
          "name": "Support",
          "email": "support@example.com"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "components": [
    {
      "type": "library",
      "bom-ref": "pkg:pypi/requests@2.31.0",
      "name": "requests",
      "version": "2.31.0",
      "description": "Python HTTP for Humans.",
      "licenses": [
        {
          "license": {
            "id": "Apache-2.0"
          }
        }
      ],
      "purl": "pkg:pypi/requests@2.31.0",
      "externalReferences": [
        {
          "type": "website",
          "url": "https://requests.readthedocs.io"
        },
        {
          "type": "vcs",
          "url": "https://github.com/psf/requests"
        }
      ],
      "hashes": [
        {
          "alg": "SHA-256",
          "content": "942c5a758f98d790eaed1a29cb6eefc7ffb0d1cf7af05c3d2791656dbd6ad1e1"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "library",
      "bom-ref": "pkg:pypi/urllib3@2.0.7",
      "name": "urllib3",
      "version": "2.0.7",
      "description": "HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling",
      "licenses": [
        {
          "license": {
            "id": "MIT"
          }
        }
      ],
      "purl": "pkg:pypi/urllib3@2.0.7"
    }
  ],
  "dependencies": [
    {
      "ref": "pkg:pypi/my-application@1.0.0",
      "dependsOn": [
        "pkg:pypi/requests@2.31.0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ref": "pkg:pypi/requests@2.31.0",
      "dependsOn": [
        "pkg:pypi/urllib3@2.0.7",
        "pkg:pypi/charset-normalizer@3.3.2",
        "pkg:pypi/idna@3.6",
        "pkg:pypi/certifi@2024.2.2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "id": "CVE-2023-32681",
      "source": {
        "name": "NVD",
        "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/"
      },
      "ratings": [
        {
          "source": {
            "name": "NVD"
          },
          "score": 6.1,
          "severity": "medium",
          "method": "CVSSv3"
        }
      ],
      "description": "Requests Session object does not verify requests after making first request with verify=False",
      "recommendation": "Upgrade to requests>=2.31.0",
      "affects": [
        {
          "ref": "pkg:pypi/requests@2.28.0"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

SPDX SBOM Example

{
  "spdxVersion": "SPDX-2.3",
  "dataLicense": "CC0-1.0",
  "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-DOCUMENT",
  "name": "my-application-sbom",
  "documentNamespace": "https://example.com/sbom/my-application-1.0.0",
  "creationInfo": {
    "created": "2025-01-15T10:30:00Z",
    "creators": [
      "Tool: cyclonedx-python-3.0.0",
      "Organization: Example Corp"
    ],
    "licenseListVersion": "3.22"
  },
  "packages": [
    {
      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-Package-my-application",
      "name": "my-application",
      "versionInfo": "1.0.0",
      "supplier": "Organization: Example Corp",
      "downloadLocation": "https://github.com/example/my-application",
      "filesAnalyzed": false,
      "licenseConcluded": "MIT",
      "licenseDeclared": "MIT",
      "copyrightText": "Copyright 2025 Example Corp",
      "externalRefs": [
        {
          "referenceCategory": "PACKAGE-MANAGER",
          "referenceType": "purl",
          "referenceLocator": "pkg:pypi/my-application@1.0.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-Package-requests",
      "name": "requests",
      "versionInfo": "2.31.0",
      "supplier": "Organization: Python Software Foundation",
      "downloadLocation": "https://pypi.org/project/requests/",
      "filesAnalyzed": false,
      "licenseConcluded": "Apache-2.0",
      "licenseDeclared": "Apache-2.0",
      "copyrightText": "Copyright Kenneth Reitz",
      "checksums": [
        {
          "algorithm": "SHA256",
          "checksumValue": "942c5a758f98d790eaed1a29cb6eefc7ffb0d1cf7af05c3d2791656dbd6ad1e1"
        }
      ],
      "externalRefs": [
        {
          "referenceCategory": "PACKAGE-MANAGER",
          "referenceType": "purl",
          "referenceLocator": "pkg:pypi/requests@2.31.0"
        },
        {
          "referenceCategory": "SECURITY",
          "referenceType": "cpe23Type",
          "referenceLocator": "cpe:2.3:a:python:requests:2.31.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "relationships": [
    {
      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-DOCUMENT",
      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-Package-my-application",
      "relationshipType": "DESCRIBES"
    },
    {
      "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-Package-my-application",
      "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-Package-requests",
      "relationshipType": "DEPENDS_ON"
    }
  ]
}

CI/CD Integration

# GitHub Actions
name: Generate SBOM

on:
  release:
    types: [published]
  workflow_dispatch:

jobs:
  sbom:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Generate SBOM with Syft
        uses: anchore/sbom-action@v0
        with:
          artifact-name: sbom.spdx.json
          output-file: sbom.spdx.json
          format: spdx-json

      - name: Scan SBOM for vulnerabilities
        uses: anchore/scan-action@v3
        with:
          sbom: sbom.spdx.json
          fail-build: true
          severity-cutoff: high

      - name: Upload SBOM
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: sbom
          path: sbom.spdx.json

      - name: Attach SBOM to Release
        if: github.event_name == 'release'
        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
        with:
          files: sbom.spdx.json

Vulnerability Scanning

# Using Grype with SBOM
grype sbom:sbom.json

# Using Trivy
trivy sbom sbom.json

# Using OSV-Scanner
osv-scanner --sbom=sbom.json

Tools

SBOM Generation

• Syft - Multi-language, container support
• CycloneDX tools - Language-specific generators
• SPDX tools - Official SPDX tooling

Vulnerability Scanning

• Grype - SBOM vulnerability scanner
• Trivy - Comprehensive scanner
• OSV-Scanner - Google's OSV database

SBOM Management

• Dependency-Track - SBOM analysis platform
• GUAC - Graph for Understanding Artifact Composition

Quality Checklist

• All NTIA minimum elements present
• Supplier information complete
• Component versions accurate
• PURLs/CPEs included for identification
• Dependencies mapped correctly
• Licenses identified
• Checksums/hashes included
• Known vulnerabilities documented
• SBOM format validated
• Automated generation in CI/CD

Common Issues and Solutions

Issue: Missing transitive dependencies

Solution: Use tools that resolve full dependency tree:

syft . -o cyclonedx-json=sbom.json --scope all-layers

Issue: Incomplete license information

Solution: Combine multiple sources:

pip-licenses --format=json > licenses.json
# Merge with SBOM

Issue: No vulnerability data

Solution: Add vulnerability scanning step:

grype sbom:sbom.json -o json > vulnerabilities.json

Related Skills

• dependency-security-audit - Security scanning
• licensing-compliance - License checking
• security-review - Security analysis

Version: 1.0.0 Last Updated: December 2025 Based on: AI Templates documentation_generation/sbom/

Iterative Refinement Strategy

This skill is optimized for an iterative approach:

1. Execute: Perform the core steps defined above.
2. Review: Critically analyze the output (coverage, quality, completeness).
3. Refine: If targets aren't met, repeat the specific implementation steps with improved context.
4. Loop: Continue until the definition of done is satisfied.