Auth Timestamp Invalidation

auth-timestamp-invalidation

When a refresh token is reused (theft signal) or a user changes their password, outstanding access tokens must be invalidated. The mechanism is a per-user password_changed_at (or refresh_reuse_detected_at) epoch column:

• Token issuance: iat = password_changed_at (or now)
• Token validation: if iat < password_changed_at: reject

The pattern requires that the token's iat (issued-at) is checked against the user's stored epoch. This is the same mechanism used by Stripe and many other auth systems.

The pattern (this repo's FR-007)

-- Add the column
ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN password_changed_at REAL NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;

# On password change
def on_password_change(user_id: int, db: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
    new_epoch = datetime.now(timezone.utc).timestamp()
    db.execute(
        "UPDATE users SET password_changed_at = ? WHERE id = ?",
        (new_epoch, user_id),
    )
    # Also invalidate refresh-token sessions
    db.execute("DELETE FROM user_sessions WHERE user_id = ?", (user_id,))
    # Bust the active-user cache so the next request sees the new epoch
    invalidate_active_user_cache(user_id)

# In token validation
def validate_access_token(token: str, db: sqlite3.Connection) -> dict:
    payload = decode_access_token(token)
    user = get_user_by_id(payload["sub"], db)
    pwd_epoch = user.get("password_changed_at", 0) or 0
    if pwd_epoch > 0 and payload.get("iat", 0) < pwd_epoch:
        # Bust cache, return 401
        invalidate_active_user_cache(user["id"])
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=401,
            detail="Token invalidated by password change",
        )
    return payload

When to apply

• After implementing password change endpoint (POST /auth/change-password).
• After implementing admin password reset (POST /users/{id}/reset-password).
• After implementing refresh token reuse detection (get_rotate_refresh_token_block).
• After any user-event that should invalidate outstanding access tokens.

Anti-patterns to avoid

• Storing the epoch in a separate table — joins are slow. Use a column on the users table directly.
• Using a separate token for the epoch — defeats the purpose. The iat claim in the existing JWT is the right place.
• Forgetting to invalidate the active-user cache — a stale cached user bypasses the new epoch.
• Catching BaseException to "be safe" — swallows KeyboardInterrupt and SystemExit. Only catch Exception.

Diagnostic commands

# Find places where the epoch is set
grep -rn "password_changed_at" backend/app/ --include="*.py"

# Find places where tokens are validated
grep -rn "decode_access_token" backend/app/ --include="*.py"

Acceptance criteria

• The password_changed_at column is added to the users table via a migration. tracked_by: backend/tests/schema_constants.py
• The migration is idempotent (uses PRAGMA table_info). tracked_by: backend/tests/test_password_epoch_invalidates_tokens.py
• After password change, outstanding access tokens issued before password_changed_at are rejected with 401. tracked_by: backend/tests/test_password_epoch_invalidates_tokens.py
• The active-user cache is invalidated on password change and on the epoch-check rejection. tracked_by: backend/tests/test_password_epoch_invalidates_tokens.py:271 (password-change path; the cache-mechanism unit test at backend/tests/test_active_user_cache.py:167 proves invalidate_active_user_cache works in isolation but does not exercise the password-change wiring. The epoch-check-rejection half of this AC is not directly tested — see known gap below.) known_gap: no test currently asserts that an epoch-check 401 triggers invalidate_active_user_cache. Only the password-change trigger is behaviorally tested.
• A test that issues a token, changes the password, then presents the old token, gets 401. tracked_by: backend/tests/test_password_epoch_invalidates_tokens.py

Connection to other skills

• authz-bridging-exceptions — the override branch in the auth dep must not mask the 401 from the epoch check.
• test-isolation-patterns — the test patch on the dep override must not interfere with the epoch check.
• module-test-isolation — the dep override is module-level state.