Polars Dovmed

polars-dovmed

Search the PubMed Central Open Access subset and the bioRxiv parquet corpus with polars-dovmed.

The preferred workflow is always:

1. decide execution mode up front
2. author a structured query JSON directly
3. inspect and refine the query JSON
4. run structured discovery first
5. fetch paper details for candidate PMC IDs or bioRxiv DOIs
6. use structured advanced scans only for final refinement when needed

Search execution has two modes:

• Preferred when available: hosted API over pmc/OpenPMC, biorxiv, or both
• Fallback: local dovmed scan over local parquet files for pmc, biorxiv, or both

PMC is physically materialized into clean publication-year chunks:

• pre_2010
• 2010_2020
• 2021_2023
• 2024_plus

For latest-literature discovery, prefer the hosted API helper with parallel clean chunks: --year-bands recent_split for 2024_plus plus 2021_2023. Use --year-bands clean_split when the user needs broad coverage across all clean PMC chunks. Use a single --year-band only when the question is explicitly restricted to one era. Avoid the unmaterialized 2020_2023 split.

Do not skip the structured-query authoring step unless the user explicitly supplies a ready query JSON file and asks to use it as-is.

For every search prompt, create a dedicated run directory and save:

• the original prompt text
• the authored or supplied query JSON
• the exact payload submitted to the API or local scan
• the raw results returned
• any curated summary derived from those results
• if discovery fallback is used, separate discovery payload and result artifacts

Input Requirements

• A search prompt or an inspected query.json.
• A hosted API key, or mounted local parquet files for pmc, biorxiv, or both.
• A writable run directory for prompts, payloads, raw results, and summaries.

Instructions

1. Decide execution mode up front.
   • Check API availability first.
   • If POLARS_DOVMED_API_KEY is available in the environment, in the configured polars-dovmed env file, or the user provides an API key, use the hosted API for pmc, biorxiv, or both searches.
   • Use local dovmed CLI plus local parquet files when there is no hosted API key or the user explicitly requests a local scan.
2. Author a structured query JSON directly.
   • The agent should write the JSON itself instead of calling another helper to generate it.
   • If the user already gave a query JSON, inspect it before use.
3. Create a dedicated run directory before searching.
   • Use a slug based on the prompt or topic.
   • Save the original prompt text there as prompt.txt.
   • Save the authored or supplied query JSON there as query.json.
4. Review the query JSON before searching.
   • Check that concept groups match the biological question.
   • Remove or tighten noisy groups.
   • Add disqualifying_terms if obvious acronym or taxonomy collisions exist.
   • Be especially careful with short isolate names or generic tokens.
5. Run the search.
   • API mode: read the query JSON and send its contents in the JSON request body under primary_queries. Do not upload the file itself.
   • Local mode: run dovmed scan against the local parquet files using the JSON query file.
   • For PMC API searches over multiple eras, use --year-bands so the helper submits one async API job per materialized chunk and merges/deduplicates the results.
   • Save the exact submitted payload in the run directory before sending it.
   • Save the raw returned results in the run directory immediately after the search completes.
   • Default structured API path:
     • scan_literature_advanced(mode="discovery")
     • get_paper_details(pmc_ids=[...]) for PMC or get_paper_details(corpus="biorxiv", dois=[...]) for bioRxiv
     • scan_literature_advanced(mode="advanced") only for final refinement
   • If advanced refinement is too slow or too noisy, return to discovery-plus-details rather than forcing repeated heavy scans.
6. Inspect the first results before trusting the full set.
   • For targeted questions, review the first 5-10 titles.
   • If results are noisy, refine the JSON and rerun instead of widening free-text queries.
7. If the user needs citation-quality output, verify missing metadata in PubMed or PMC before finalizing.

Preferred Workflow

Step 1: Author Query JSON Directly

Always start here unless the user already provided a query JSON file.

Use this structure:

{
  "anchor_entity": [
    ["primary_name"],
    ["alias_1"],
    ["alias_2"]
  ],
  "relation_or_property": [
    ["primary_name", "relation_term"],
    ["alias_1", "relation_term"],
    ["primary_name", "specific_relation_alias"]
  ],
  "disqualifying_terms": [
    ["term_to_exclude"]
  ]
}

Interpretation:

• outer keys are concept groups
• each inner list is an AND-group of patterns
• separate inner lists inside the same key are OR alternatives
• disqualifying_terms suppresses known false positives

Query Authoring Rules

• Build searches around anchor concepts first.
• Use explicit biological names over generic role words.
• Treat support concepts as refiners, not anchors.
• Keep relation terms soft in discovery unless they are essential to relevance.
• Use disqualifying_terms aggressively for acronym collisions or wrong systems.
• Prefer direct JSON authoring over verbose natural-language planning.

Quick Templates

Anchor plus relation:

{
  "anchor_entity": [
    ["entity_name"],
    ["entity_alias"]
  ],
  "relation_or_property": [
    ["entity_name", "relation_term"],
    ["entity_alias", "relation_term"]
  ]
}

Anchor-only high-recall discovery:

{
  "anchor_entity": [
    ["entity_name"],
    ["entity_alias_1"],
    ["entity_alias_2"]
  ]
}

Example: "hosts of Klosneuvirinae"

{
  "anchor_klosneuvirinae": [
    ["klosneuvirinae"],
    ["klosneuvirus"]
  ],
  "host_relation": [
    ["klosneuvirinae", "host"],
    ["klosneuvirus", "infect"]
  ]
}

Example: "Mirusviricota and the eukaryotic nucleus"

{
  "anchor_mirusviricota": [
    ["mirusviricota"],
    ["mirusvirus"],
    ["mirusviruses"]
  ],
  "nucleus_association": [
    ["mirusviricota", "eukaryotic", "nucleus"],
    ["mirusvirus", "nuclear"],
    ["mirusviruses", "nucleus"]
  ]
}

Step 2: Create A Run Directory

Create a directory for each prompt, for example:

mkdir -p runs/klosneuvirinae-hosts
printf '%s\n' "find papers that describe hosts of Klosneuvirinae" > runs/klosneuvirinae-hosts/prompt.txt
cp queries/klosneuvirus_hosts.json runs/klosneuvirinae-hosts/query.json

This is mandatory. Every run should preserve the input prompt, structured query, submitted payload, raw results, and a curated summary.

Step 3A: Search With Hosted API

Use this mode when POLARS_DOVMED_API_KEY is available or provided by the user.

This repository includes scripts/query_literature.py as a convenience wrapper for the hosted parquet-backed API.

Recommended API workflow:

1. author query.json
2. inspect the JSON
3. run POST /api/scan_literature_advanced with mode="discovery"
4. inspect top hits and collect candidate pmc_id values for PMC or DOI values for bioRxiv
5. run POST /api/get_paper_details with pmc_ids for PMC or corpus="biorxiv" plus dois for bioRxiv
6. if needed, run POST /api/scan_literature_advanced with mode="advanced" for final structured refinement

Use discovery mode first for candidate retrieval. Use advanced mode only for final structured refinement.

The query JSON is the source of truth for API mode.

• In local mode, the JSON file is passed directly to dovmed scan.
• In API mode, the agent should read the JSON file and serialize its contents into the API request body as primary_queries.
• Do not bypass the structured-query authoring step and jump straight to improvised free-text queries unless the user explicitly asks for a quick exploratory search.
• scripts/query_literature.py --query ... is explicit opt-in only and requires --allow-flat-query.
• Save the exact API payload to the run directory as a JSON file before submitting it.
• Save the raw API response to the run directory as a JSON file after the request returns.
• If discovery fallback is used, save it separately as payload_discovery.json and results_discovery.json.
• The helper auto-loads ~/.config/polars-dovmed/.env, so a configured POLARS_DOVMED_API_KEY does not need manual source in typical agent runs.
• The helper submits hosted search work through /api/jobs and polls for completion, instead of holding one long edge request open.
• For structured discovery runs, the helper automatically fetches details for the top candidate PMC IDs or bioRxiv DOIs and reranks them using grouped query evidence before summarizing results.

Example:

python skills/polars-dovmed/scripts/query_literature.py \
  --queries-file runs/klosneuvirinae-hosts/query.json \
  --corpus pmc \
  --mode discovery \
  --extract-matches none \
  --add-group-counts primary \
  --max-results 25 \
  --save-payload runs/klosneuvirinae-hosts/payload_discovery.json \
  --save-response runs/klosneuvirinae-hosts/results_discovery.json

python skills/polars-dovmed/scripts/query_literature.py \
  --details PMC6912108 PMC8490762 PMC5871332 \
  --corpus pmc \
  --save-payload runs/klosneuvirinae-hosts/payload_details.json \
  --save-response runs/klosneuvirinae-hosts/results_details.json

For PMC searches where speed and broad coverage both matter, fan out across recent clean chunks through the hosted async API:

python skills/polars-dovmed/scripts/query_literature.py \
  --queries-file runs/klosneuvirinae-hosts/query.json \
  --corpus pmc \
  --mode discovery \
  --year-bands recent_split \
  --max-results 25 \
  --save-payload runs/klosneuvirinae-hosts/payload_parallel_recent.json \
  --save-response runs/klosneuvirinae-hosts/results_parallel_recent.json

Use --year-bands clean_split for all clean PMC chunks (2024_plus,2021_2023,2010_2020,pre_2010) when recall matters more than latency. The helper defaults to two concurrent API jobs because four concurrent full-text scans can saturate the backend. Use an explicit list when you need a custom sweep, for example --year-bands 2024_plus,2010_2020.

Use --corpus biorxiv or --corpus both with the same helper to route hosted API requests to the bioRxiv corpus when the API key is available.

Step 3B: Search Locally With dovmed scan

Use this mode when no hosted API key is available, or when the user explicitly wants a local parquet scan.

~/.pixi/bin/pixi run dovmed scan \
  --corpus pmc \
  --queries-file runs/klosneuvirinae-hosts/query.json \
  --extract-matches primary \
  --add-group-counts primary \
  --output-path results/klosneuvirus_hosts \
  --verbose

Local corpus aliases on this workstation:

• --corpus pmc: /media/shared-expansion/db/pubmed_central/parquet_files/**/*.parquet when mounted, otherwise the repo-local PMC parquet directory
• --corpus biorxiv: /mnt/taskmaster2/biorxiv/parquet/latest/part-*.parquet
• --corpus both: both corpora in one scan

Current local bioRxiv corpus, checked on 2026-05-05:

• latest-version search corpus: /mnt/taskmaster2/biorxiv/parquet/latest/part-*.parquet
• version-history parquet: /mnt/taskmaster2/biorxiv/parquet/versions/year=YYYY/month=MM/
• 306,299 latest-version records
• date range: 2013-11-07 to 2026-05-05
• 32 latest parquet part files
• latest parquet size: about 5.7G
• version-history parquet size: about 7.7G
• raw XML/cache size: about 64G

The bioRxiv schema is compatible with dovmed scan and includes the same search-critical fields as PMC: title, abstract_text, full_text, authors, journal, publication_date, doi, pmc_id, pmid, and file_path. For bioRxiv records, pmc_id and pmid are blank. Extra fields include source, version, license, category, and xml_url.

Examples:

~/.pixi/bin/pixi run dovmed scan \
  --corpus biorxiv \
  --queries-file runs/mirusvirus/query.json \
  --extract-matches primary \
  --add-group-counts primary \
  --output-path results/mirusvirus_biorxiv \
  --verbose

~/.pixi/bin/pixi run dovmed scan \
  --corpus both \
  --queries-file runs/mirusvirus/query.json \
  --extract-matches primary \
  --add-group-counts primary \
  --output-path results/mirusvirus_pmc_plus_biorxiv \
  --verbose

The helper wrapper also supports local execution directly:

python skills/polars-dovmed/scripts/query_literature.py \
  --execution-mode local \
  --corpus biorxiv \
  --queries-file runs/mirusvirus/query.json \
  --save-payload runs/mirusvirus/payload_local.json \
  --save-response runs/mirusvirus/results_local.json

Use --corpus both to scan PMC plus bioRxiv in one pass. --local-corpus is retained as a backward-compatible alias for local scans.

Search Semantics

• Prefer structured JSON over ad hoc natural-language search strings.
• For complex questions, prefer multiple concept groups instead of one long flat phrase.
• If grouped concepts matter, preserve that grouping in both API payloads and local query JSON.

Retrieval Quality Playbook

• Build searches around anchor concepts first.
• Treat support concepts as refiners, not anchors.
• Prefer explicit biological names over generic role words.
• Put alternate names and spelling variants inside the same concept group.
• Use disqualifying_terms for acronym collisions, wrong clades, and predictable false positives.

Hit Ranking Guidance

Rank hits in this order:

1. exact anchor-name hit in the title
2. exact anchor-name hit in the abstract
3. anchor plus support co-occurrence in title or abstract
4. multiple distinct relevant group matches
5. full-text-only matches last

Down-rank or discard:

• papers matching only generic support terms
• papers with no anchor-name evidence in title or abstract
• papers clearly centered on the wrong clade, host, or system
• papers whose relevance depends only on a broad background mention

Recall-First Principle

• When the key evidence may only appear in full text, prefer higher recall over early precision.
• Use discovery mode first.
• Fetch details for the best candidate PMC IDs.
• Only tighten with advanced grouped refinement if needed.

Retrieval Loop

1. author structured JSON
2. run discovery mode
3. review the first 5-10 titles
4. fetch paper details for the most relevant PMC IDs
5. refine the query JSON
6. run advanced mode only if discovery plus details is not enough

"X Of Y" Query Construction

For requests shaped like:

• "hosts of X"
• "symbionts of Y"
• "pathways in Z"
• "genes involved in W"

do not represent the query as loose top-level concepts like:

• X
• host
• symbiont
• pathway

Instead:

1. identify the entity anchor
2. identify the relation or property term
3. build OR-of-AND groups that combine them inside the same pattern group

Quick Smoke Test

Use this to verify that the API-backed discovery path, paper-details lookup, saved payloads, saved responses, and expected output shape are all working before a real run.

Run:

python skills/polars-dovmed/scripts/smoke_test.py

Default artifact directory:

skills/polars-dovmed/runs/smoke-test/

Expected success indicators in summary.json:

• success: true
• discovery result has:
  • mode: "discovery"
  • strategy_used
  • elapsed_ms
  • at least one paper
  • per-paper ranking
• details result has:
  • found >= 1
  • normalized_pmc_ids
  • empty missing_ids for the known test PMC

Quick Reference

Confirmed API Contract

Structured Advanced Search

Use:

{
  "primary_queries": {
    "concept_a": [["pattern1"], ["pattern2"]],
    "concept_b": [["pattern3"]]
  },
  "corpus": "pmc",
  "search_columns": ["title", "abstract_text", "full_text"],
  "extract_matches": "none",
  "add_group_counts": "primary",
  "max_results": 5
}

Send this to:

• POST /api/scan_literature_advanced
• header: X-API-Key: ...

Structured Discovery Search

Use the same structured request body but set:

{
  "mode": "discovery"
}

Paper Details

Use:

{
  "corpus": "pmc",
  "pmc_ids": ["PMC1234567"]
}

Send this to:

• POST /api/get_paper_details

For bioRxiv details, use:

{
  "corpus": "biorxiv",
  "dois": ["10.1101/2026.01.01.123456"]
}

Examples

Use the same hosted API examples for --corpus pmc, --corpus biorxiv, or --corpus both when a key is available. Use the local examples when the hosted API is unavailable or a local scan is explicitly requested.

Output

• curated paper lists with titles and identifiers
• query JSON files used for the search
• saved run artifacts for reproducibility
• notes on noisy concepts, exclusions, and refinements
• warnings about incomplete citation metadata or likely indexing gaps

Quality Gates

• execution mode chosen correctly: API when key exists, local otherwise
• API availability checked before local fallback assumptions
• structured query file authored first or user-supplied
• dedicated run directory created for the prompt
• prompt.txt, query.json, payload.json, raw results, and summary saved
• query JSON inspected before search
• first 5-10 results reviewed before trusting the result set
• noisy concept groups refined instead of widening free-text queries blindly
• discovery mode used before paper-details lookup and advanced refinement
• discovery fallback artifacts saved separately if used
• missing citation metadata verified in PubMed or PMC when needed
• final answer states whether results came from hosted API or local parquet scan

Troubleshooting

Issue: Hosted API key is missing
Solution: Fall back to local dovmed scan if local parquet files exist.

Issue: Local parquet files are missing
Solution: Use hosted API mode if a key is available, otherwise state that the local corpus must be prepared first.

Issue: Authored query JSON is noisy
Solution: Tighten anchor terms, remove generic support groups, and add disqualifying_terms.

Issue: Search returns too many generic hits
Solution: Refine the query JSON rather than broadening the free-text query.

Issue: Citation fields are incomplete
Solution: Verify in PubMed or PMC before final output.