UX Researcher & Designer
Generate user personas from research data, create journey maps, plan usability tests, and synthesize research findings into actionable design recommendations.
Table of Contents
Trigger Terms
Use this skill when you need to:
- "create user persona"
- "generate persona from data"
- "build customer journey map"
- "map user journey"
- "plan usability test"
- "design usability study"
- "analyze user research"
- "synthesize interview findings"
- "identify user pain points"
- "define user archetypes"
- "calculate research sample size"
- "create empathy map"
- "identify user needs"
Clarify First
Before generating the research artifact, confirm these inputs. If any is unknown or vague, ASK — do not assume:
Stop rule: ask only the 2-3 that most change the output. If the user says "just draft it," proceed and list your assumptions at the top of the artifact.
Workflows
Workflow 1: Generate User Persona
Situation: You have user data (analytics, surveys, interviews) and need to create a research-backed persona.
Steps:
Prepare user data
Required format (JSON):
[
{
"user_id": "user_1",
"age": 32,
"usage_frequency": "daily",
"features_used": ["dashboard", "reports", "export"],
"primary_device": "desktop",
"usage_context": "work",
"tech_proficiency": 7,
"pain_points": ["slow loading", "confusing UI"]
}
]
Run persona generator
# Human-readable output
python scripts/persona_generator.py
# JSON output for integration
python scripts/persona_generator.py json
Review generated components
| Component |
What to Check |
| Archetype |
Does it match the data patterns? |
| Demographics |
Are they derived from actual data? |
| Goals |
Are they specific and actionable? |
| Frustrations |
Do they include frequency counts? |
| Design implications |
Can designers act on these? |
Validate persona
- Show to 3-5 real users: "Does this sound like you?"
- Cross-check with support tickets
- Verify against analytics data
Reference: See references/persona-methodology.md for validity criteria
Proto-Persona Canvas (Lightweight Alternative)
When you lack research data but need a hypothesis-driven persona to align the team, use a proto-persona canvas. Proto-personas are assumption tools -- not validated truth -- meant to be tested and refined.
Use when: Starting a new initiative with no research budget, aligning a cross-functional team quickly, or creating a testable hypothesis about your user.
Proto-Persona Canvas Template:
### [Alliterative Name] (e.g., "Careful Carlos")
**Bio & Demographics:**
- Age, geography, social status, career stage
- Online presence, leisure activities, partner status
**Quotes** (what they say, feel, think):
- "[Direct quote capturing their perspective]"
- "[Quote revealing frustration or aspiration]"
**Pains:**
- [Pain related to the problem space]
- [Pain related to current workarounds]
**What They're Trying to Accomplish:**
- [Observable behavior 1]
- [Observable behavior 2]
**Goals** (wants, needs, dreams):
- [Short-term goal]
- [Long-term aspiration]
**Attitudes & Influences:**
- Decision Making Authority: [Can they buy/adopt your solution?]
- Decision Influencers: [Who influences their decisions?]
- Beliefs & Attitudes: [What beliefs impact their choices?]
**Assumptions to Validate:**
- [Top assumption that must be true for this persona to be viable]
- [Second assumption]
- [Third assumption]
Next steps after proto-persona:
- Generate interview questions to validate assumptions (Recommended)
- Generate an anti-persona to define scope boundaries
- Convert into a one-page stakeholder brief
Workflow 2: Create Journey Map
Situation: You need to visualize the end-to-end user experience for a specific goal.
Steps:
Define scope
| Element |
Description |
| Persona |
Which user type |
| Goal |
What they're trying to achieve |
| Start |
Trigger that begins journey |
| End |
Success criteria |
| Timeframe |
Hours/days/weeks |
Gather journey data
Sources:
- User interviews (ask "walk me through...")
- Session recordings
- Analytics (funnel, drop-offs)
- Support tickets
Map the stages
Typical B2B SaaS stages:
Awareness → Evaluation → Onboarding → Adoption → Advocacy
Fill in layers for each stage
Stage: [Name]
├── Actions: What does user do?
├── Touchpoints: Where do they interact?
├── Emotions: How do they feel? (1-5)
├── Pain Points: What frustrates them?
└── Opportunities: Where can we improve?
Map three experience paths (not just the happy path)
| Stage |
Happy Path |
Fail Path |
Difficult Path |
| Awareness |
Finds product via search |
Never discovers product |
Finds competitor first |
| Consideration |
Clear value proposition |
Confused by pricing |
Needs manager approval |
| Decision |
Easy signup flow |
Form errors, abandons |
Legal review delays |
| Delivery & Use |
Smooth onboarding |
Can't import data |
Workaround needed |
| Loyalty |
Becomes advocate |
Churns silently |
Stays but complains |
- Happy Path: Everything works as designed.
- Fail Path: User cannot complete their goal and drops off.
- Difficult Path: User completes the goal but with friction, workarounds, or frustration.
Add KPIs and ownership per stage
| Stage |
Leading KPI |
Lagging KPI |
Team Owner |
| Awareness |
Site visits, ad impressions |
Brand recall |
Marketing |
| Consideration |
Demo requests, pricing page views |
MQL conversion |
Marketing/Sales |
| Decision |
Trial starts, contract sent |
Close rate |
Sales |
| Use |
Feature adoption, DAU |
Retention rate |
Product |
| Loyalty |
NPS, referral count |
LTV, expansion revenue |
Customer Success |
Identify top friction points and interventions
For each friction point, document:
| Friction Point |
Why It Matters |
Intervention |
Expected Impact |
Effort |
Confidence |
| [Description] |
[User/business impact] |
[Proposed fix] |
High/Med/Low |
S/M/L |
High/Med/Low |
Priority Score = Frequency x Severity x Solvability
Reference: See references/journey-mapping-guide.md for templates
Workflow 3: Plan Usability Test
Situation: You need to validate a design with real users.
Steps:
Define research questions
Transform vague goals into testable questions:
| Vague |
Testable |
| "Is it easy to use?" |
"Can users complete checkout in <3 min?" |
| "Do users like it?" |
"Will users choose Design A or B?" |
| "Does it make sense?" |
"Can users find settings without hints?" |
Select method
| Method |
Participants |
Duration |
Best For |
| Moderated remote |
5-8 |
45-60 min |
Deep insights |
| Unmoderated remote |
10-20 |
15-20 min |
Quick validation |
| Guerrilla |
3-5 |
5-10 min |
Rapid feedback |
Design tasks
Good task format:
SCENARIO: "Imagine you're planning a trip to Paris..."
GOAL: "Book a hotel for 3 nights in your budget."
SUCCESS: "You see the confirmation page."
Task progression: Warm-up → Core → Secondary → Edge case → Free exploration
Define success metrics
| Metric |
Target |
| Completion rate |
>80% |
| Time on task |
<2× expected |
| Error rate |
<15% |
| Satisfaction |
>4/5 |
Prepare moderator guide
- Think-aloud instructions
- Non-leading prompts
- Post-task questions
Reference: See references/usability-testing-frameworks.md for full guide
Workflow 4: Synthesize Research
Situation: You have raw research data (interviews, surveys, observations) and need actionable insights.
Steps:
Code the data
Tag each data point:
[GOAL] - What they want to achieve
[PAIN] - What frustrates them
[BEHAVIOR] - What they actually do
[CONTEXT] - When/where they use product
[QUOTE] - Direct user words
Cluster similar patterns
User A: Uses daily, advanced features, shortcuts
User B: Uses daily, complex workflows, automation
User C: Uses weekly, basic needs, occasional
Cluster 1: A, B (Power Users)
Cluster 2: C (Casual User)
Calculate segment sizes
| Cluster |
Users |
% |
Viability |
| Power Users |
18 |
36% |
Primary persona |
| Business Users |
15 |
30% |
Primary persona |
| Casual Users |
12 |
24% |
Secondary persona |
Extract key findings
For each theme:
- Finding statement
- Supporting evidence (quotes, data)
- Frequency (X/Y participants)
- Business impact
- Recommendation
Prioritize opportunities
| Factor |
Score 1-5 |
| Frequency |
How often does this occur? |
| Severity |
How much does it hurt? |
| Breadth |
How many users affected? |
| Solvability |
Can we fix this? |
Reference: See references/persona-methodology.md for analysis framework
Tool Reference
persona_generator.py
Generates data-driven personas from user research data.
| Argument |
Values |
Default |
Description |
| format |
(none), json |
(none) |
Output format |
Sample Output:
============================================================
PERSONA: Alex the Power User
============================================================
📝 A daily user who primarily uses the product for work purposes
Archetype: Power User
Quote: "I need tools that can keep up with my workflow"
👤 Demographics:
• Age Range: 25-34
• Location Type: Urban
• Tech Proficiency: Advanced
🎯 Goals & Needs:
• Complete tasks efficiently
• Automate workflows
• Access advanced features
😤 Frustrations:
• Slow loading times (14/20 users)
• No keyboard shortcuts
• Limited API access
💡 Design Implications:
→ Optimize for speed and efficiency
→ Provide keyboard shortcuts and power features
→ Expose API and automation capabilities
📈 Data: Based on 45 users
Confidence: High
Archetypes Generated:
| Archetype |
Signals |
Design Focus |
| power_user |
Daily use, 10+ features |
Efficiency, customization |
| casual_user |
Weekly use, 3-5 features |
Simplicity, guidance |
| business_user |
Work context, team use |
Collaboration, reporting |
| mobile_first |
Mobile primary |
Touch, offline, speed |
Output Components:
| Component |
Description |
| demographics |
Age range, location, occupation, tech level |
| psychographics |
Motivations, values, attitudes, lifestyle |
| behaviors |
Usage patterns, feature preferences |
| needs_and_goals |
Primary, secondary, functional, emotional |
| frustrations |
Pain points with evidence |
| scenarios |
Contextual usage stories |
| design_implications |
Actionable recommendations |
| data_points |
Sample size, confidence level |
Quick Reference Tables
Research Method Selection
| Question Type |
Best Method |
Sample Size |
| "What do users do?" |
Analytics, observation |
100+ events |
| "Why do they do it?" |
Interviews |
8-15 users |
| "How well can they do it?" |
Usability test |
5-8 users |
| "What do they prefer?" |
Survey, A/B test |
50+ users |
| "What do they feel?" |
Diary study, interviews |
10-15 users |
Persona Confidence Levels
| Sample Size |
Confidence |
Use Case |
| 5-10 users |
Low |
Exploratory |
| 11-30 users |
Medium |
Directional |
| 31+ users |
High |
Production |
Usability Issue Severity
| Severity |
Definition |
Action |
| 4 - Critical |
Prevents task completion |
Fix immediately |
| 3 - Major |
Significant difficulty |
Fix before release |
| 2 - Minor |
Causes hesitation |
Fix when possible |
| 1 - Cosmetic |
Noticed but not problematic |
Low priority |
Interview Question Types
| Type |
Example |
Use For |
| Context |
"Walk me through your typical day" |
Understanding environment |
| Behavior |
"Show me how you do X" |
Observing actual actions |
| Goals |
"What are you trying to achieve?" |
Uncovering motivations |
| Pain |
"What's the hardest part?" |
Identifying frustrations |
| Reflection |
"What would you change?" |
Generating ideas |
Knowledge Base
Detailed reference guides in references/:
| File |
Content |
persona-methodology.md |
Validity criteria, data collection, analysis framework |
journey-mapping-guide.md |
Mapping process, templates, opportunity identification |
example-personas.md |
3 complete persona examples with data |
usability-testing-frameworks.md |
Test planning, task design, analysis |
Validation Checklist
Persona Quality
Journey Map Quality
Usability Test Quality
Research Synthesis Quality
Tool Reference
persona_generator.py
Generates data-driven personas from user research data, classifying users into archetypes with demographics, psychographics, behaviors, goals, frustrations, and design implications.
| Argument |
Type |
Default |
Description |
format |
positional |
(none) |
Add json for JSON output; omit for human-readable |
Archetypes supported: power_user, casual_user, business_user, mobile_first
Output components: name, archetype, tagline, quote, demographics, psychographics, behaviors, needs_and_goals, frustrations, scenarios, data_points, design_implications
python scripts/persona_generator.py # Human-readable formatted output
python scripts/persona_generator.py json # JSON for programmatic use
Data input format (customize in script):
[{
"user_id": "user_1",
"age": 32,
"usage_frequency": "daily",
"features_used": ["dashboard", "reports", "export"],
"primary_device": "desktop",
"usage_context": "work",
"tech_proficiency": 7,
"pain_points": ["slow loading", "confusing UI"]
}]
Troubleshooting
| Problem |
Cause |
Solution |
| Persona confidence level is "Low" |
Fewer than 20 users in sample data |
Collect more data points; combine quantitative analytics with qualitative interviews |
| All users classified as same archetype |
Insufficient variation in input data |
Ensure data includes diverse usage frequencies, devices, and contexts |
| Frustrations are generic (fallback defaults) |
Not enough pain_points in user data |
Enrich user data with pain_points from interviews and support tickets |
| Design implications too vague |
Patterns don't strongly differentiate |
Add more behavioral signals (features_used, session duration, task completion) |
| Journey map has flat emotion curve |
All stages scored similarly |
Re-evaluate with actual user data; conduct contextual interviews per stage |
| Usability test sample too small |
Fewer than 5 participants |
5 participants find ~85% of usability issues; recruit to minimum 5 |
| Research synthesis has no clear patterns |
Data not coded consistently |
Use consistent tagging scheme (GOAL, PAIN, BEHAVIOR, CONTEXT, QUOTE) |
Success Criteria
| Criterion |
Target |
How to Measure |
| Persona validity |
Validated by 3+ real users ("sounds like me") |
Post-creation validation interviews |
| Persona coverage |
All key segments represented |
Count of personas vs identified user segments |
| Data confidence level |
"High" (31+ users) |
persona_generator data_points.confidence_level |
| Research cadence |
5-8 interviews per segment per quarter |
Count of completed research sessions |
| Insight-to-action rate |
>70% of findings result in design changes |
Track findings through to implementation |
| Usability issue resolution |
All critical/major issues fixed before release |
Issue severity tracking |
| Journey map freshness |
Updated at least quarterly |
Last-updated date on each journey map |
Scope & Limitations
In scope:
- Data-driven persona generation from user research
- Archetype classification (power, casual, business, mobile-first)
- User journey mapping frameworks
- Usability test planning and scoring
- Research synthesis and coding methodology
- Interview question frameworks
- Empathy map and opportunity identification
Out of scope:
- Automated user interview recording/transcription
- Real-time analytics integration (use analytics platforms)
- Quantitative survey design and distribution (use Typeform/SurveyMonkey)
- Eye tracking or biometric data analysis
- AI-powered sentiment analysis (tool uses heuristic classification)
- Persona illustration or visual asset generation
- Accessibility auditing (see product-designer or design-system-lead skills)
Integration Points
| Tool / Platform |
Integration Method |
Use Case |
| Dovetail / Condens |
Export research data, import persona JSON |
Centralize research insights |
| Figma / Miro |
Paste persona output as design artifact |
Reference personas during design work |
| Notion / Confluence |
Human-readable output |
Document and share personas with team |
| product-manager-toolkit |
Persona pain points inform RICE scoring |
Connect user needs to feature prioritization |
| agile-product-owner |
Persona data informs user story personas |
Write stories grounded in research |
| product-designer |
Persona feeds into journey mapping and usability test recruitment |
End-to-end design research workflow |
1---
2name: ux-researcher-designer
3description: >
4 UX research and design toolkit covering persona generation, journey mapping,
5 usability testing, and research synthesis. Use for user research, persona
6 creation, journey mapping, or design validation.
7license: MIT + Commons Clause
8metadata:
9 version: 1.0.0
10 author: borghei
11 category: product
12 domain: ux-research
13 updated: 2026-03-31
14 tags: [ux-research, usability-testing, user-interviews, personas]
15---
16
17# UX Researcher & Designer
18
19Generate user personas from research data, create journey maps, plan usability tests, and synthesize research findings into actionable design recommendations.
20
21---
22
23## Table of Contents
24
25- [Trigger Terms](#trigger-terms)
26- [Workflows](#workflows)
27 - [Workflow 1: Generate User Persona](#workflow-1-generate-user-persona)
28 - [Workflow 2: Create Journey Map](#workflow-2-create-journey-map)
29 - [Workflow 3: Plan Usability Test](#workflow-3-plan-usability-test)
30 - [Workflow 4: Synthesize Research](#workflow-4-synthesize-research)
31- [Tool Reference](#tool-reference)
32- [Quick Reference Tables](#quick-reference-tables)
33- [Knowledge Base](#knowledge-base)
34
35---
36
37## Trigger Terms
38
39Use this skill when you need to:
40
41- "create user persona"
42- "generate persona from data"
43- "build customer journey map"
44- "map user journey"
45- "plan usability test"
46- "design usability study"
47- "analyze user research"
48- "synthesize interview findings"
49- "identify user pain points"
50- "define user archetypes"
51- "calculate research sample size"
52- "create empathy map"
53- "identify user needs"
54
55---
56
57## Clarify First
58
59Before generating the research artifact, confirm these inputs. If any is unknown or vague, ASK — do not assume:
60
61- [ ] **Which deliverable** — persona, journey map, usability test plan, or research synthesis (sets which workflow and template applies)
62- [ ] **Available data and volume** — analytics/interviews/surveys and how many users (drives persona confidence and proto- vs data-driven persona)
63- [ ] **The user goal and scope** — the persona, the goal being mapped, and start/end (drives journey-map stages and research questions)
64
65Stop rule: ask only the 2-3 that most change the output. If the user says "just draft it," proceed and list your assumptions at the top of the artifact.
66
67## Workflows
68
69### Workflow 1: Generate User Persona
70
71**Situation:** You have user data (analytics, surveys, interviews) and need to create a research-backed persona.
72
73**Steps:**
74
751. **Prepare user data**
76
77 Required format (JSON):
78 ```json
79 [
80 {
81 "user_id": "user_1",
82 "age": 32,
83 "usage_frequency": "daily",
84 "features_used": ["dashboard", "reports", "export"],
85 "primary_device": "desktop",
86 "usage_context": "work",
87 "tech_proficiency": 7,
88 "pain_points": ["slow loading", "confusing UI"]
89 }
90 ]
91 ```
92
932. **Run persona generator**
94 ```bash
95 # Human-readable output
96 python scripts/persona_generator.py
97
98 # JSON output for integration
99 python scripts/persona_generator.py json
100 ```
101
1023. **Review generated components**
103
104 | Component | What to Check |
105 |-----------|---------------|
106 | Archetype | Does it match the data patterns? |
107 | Demographics | Are they derived from actual data? |
108 | Goals | Are they specific and actionable? |
109 | Frustrations | Do they include frequency counts? |
110 | Design implications | Can designers act on these? |
111
1124. **Validate persona**
113
114 - Show to 3-5 real users: "Does this sound like you?"
115 - Cross-check with support tickets
116 - Verify against analytics data
117
1185. **Reference:** See `references/persona-methodology.md` for validity criteria
119
120### Proto-Persona Canvas (Lightweight Alternative)
121
122When you lack research data but need a hypothesis-driven persona to align the team, use a proto-persona canvas. Proto-personas are assumption tools -- not validated truth -- meant to be tested and refined.
123
124**Use when:** Starting a new initiative with no research budget, aligning a cross-functional team quickly, or creating a testable hypothesis about your user.
125
126**Proto-Persona Canvas Template:**
127
128```markdown
129### [Alliterative Name] (e.g., "Careful Carlos")
130
131**Bio & Demographics:**
132- Age, geography, social status, career stage
133- Online presence, leisure activities, partner status
134
135**Quotes** (what they say, feel, think):
136- "[Direct quote capturing their perspective]"
137- "[Quote revealing frustration or aspiration]"
138
139**Pains:**
140- [Pain related to the problem space]
141- [Pain related to current workarounds]
142
143**What They're Trying to Accomplish:**
144- [Observable behavior 1]
145- [Observable behavior 2]
146
147**Goals** (wants, needs, dreams):
148- [Short-term goal]
149- [Long-term aspiration]
150
151**Attitudes & Influences:**
152- Decision Making Authority: [Can they buy/adopt your solution?]
153- Decision Influencers: [Who influences their decisions?]
154- Beliefs & Attitudes: [What beliefs impact their choices?]
155
156**Assumptions to Validate:**
157- [Top assumption that must be true for this persona to be viable]
158- [Second assumption]
159- [Third assumption]
160```
161
162**Next steps after proto-persona:**
1631. Generate interview questions to validate assumptions (Recommended)
1642. Generate an anti-persona to define scope boundaries
1653. Convert into a one-page stakeholder brief
166
167---
168
169### Workflow 2: Create Journey Map
170
171**Situation:** You need to visualize the end-to-end user experience for a specific goal.
172
173**Steps:**
174
1751. **Define scope**
176
177 | Element | Description |
178 |---------|-------------|
179 | Persona | Which user type |
180 | Goal | What they're trying to achieve |
181 | Start | Trigger that begins journey |
182 | End | Success criteria |
183 | Timeframe | Hours/days/weeks |
184
1852. **Gather journey data**
186
187 Sources:
188 - User interviews (ask "walk me through...")
189 - Session recordings
190 - Analytics (funnel, drop-offs)
191 - Support tickets
192
1933. **Map the stages**
194
195 Typical B2B SaaS stages:
196 ```
197 Awareness → Evaluation → Onboarding → Adoption → Advocacy
198 ```
199
2004. **Fill in layers for each stage**
201
202 ```
203 Stage: [Name]
204 ├── Actions: What does user do?
205 ├── Touchpoints: Where do they interact?
206 ├── Emotions: How do they feel? (1-5)
207 ├── Pain Points: What frustrates them?
208 └── Opportunities: Where can we improve?
209 ```
210
2115. **Map three experience paths** (not just the happy path)
212
213 | Stage | Happy Path | Fail Path | Difficult Path |
214 |---|---|---|---|
215 | Awareness | Finds product via search | Never discovers product | Finds competitor first |
216 | Consideration | Clear value proposition | Confused by pricing | Needs manager approval |
217 | Decision | Easy signup flow | Form errors, abandons | Legal review delays |
218 | Delivery & Use | Smooth onboarding | Can't import data | Workaround needed |
219 | Loyalty | Becomes advocate | Churns silently | Stays but complains |
220
221 - **Happy Path:** Everything works as designed.
222 - **Fail Path:** User cannot complete their goal and drops off.
223 - **Difficult Path:** User completes the goal but with friction, workarounds, or frustration.
224
2256. **Add KPIs and ownership per stage**
226
227 | Stage | Leading KPI | Lagging KPI | Team Owner |
228 |---|---|---|---|
229 | Awareness | Site visits, ad impressions | Brand recall | Marketing |
230 | Consideration | Demo requests, pricing page views | MQL conversion | Marketing/Sales |
231 | Decision | Trial starts, contract sent | Close rate | Sales |
232 | Use | Feature adoption, DAU | Retention rate | Product |
233 | Loyalty | NPS, referral count | LTV, expansion revenue | Customer Success |
234
2357. **Identify top friction points and interventions**
236
237 For each friction point, document:
238
239 | Friction Point | Why It Matters | Intervention | Expected Impact | Effort | Confidence |
240 |---|---|---|---|---|---|
241 | [Description] | [User/business impact] | [Proposed fix] | High/Med/Low | S/M/L | High/Med/Low |
242
243 Priority Score = Frequency x Severity x Solvability
244
2458. **Reference:** See `references/journey-mapping-guide.md` for templates
246
247---
248
249### Workflow 3: Plan Usability Test
250
251**Situation:** You need to validate a design with real users.
252
253**Steps:**
254
2551. **Define research questions**
256
257 Transform vague goals into testable questions:
258
259 | Vague | Testable |
260 |-------|----------|
261 | "Is it easy to use?" | "Can users complete checkout in <3 min?" |
262 | "Do users like it?" | "Will users choose Design A or B?" |
263 | "Does it make sense?" | "Can users find settings without hints?" |
264
2652. **Select method**
266
267 | Method | Participants | Duration | Best For |
268 |--------|--------------|----------|----------|
269 | Moderated remote | 5-8 | 45-60 min | Deep insights |
270 | Unmoderated remote | 10-20 | 15-20 min | Quick validation |
271 | Guerrilla | 3-5 | 5-10 min | Rapid feedback |
272
2733. **Design tasks**
274
275 Good task format:
276 ```
277 SCENARIO: "Imagine you're planning a trip to Paris..."
278 GOAL: "Book a hotel for 3 nights in your budget."
279 SUCCESS: "You see the confirmation page."
280 ```
281
282 Task progression: Warm-up → Core → Secondary → Edge case → Free exploration
283
2844. **Define success metrics**
285
286 | Metric | Target |
287 |--------|--------|
288 | Completion rate | >80% |
289 | Time on task | <2× expected |
290 | Error rate | <15% |
291 | Satisfaction | >4/5 |
292
2935. **Prepare moderator guide**
294
295 - Think-aloud instructions
296 - Non-leading prompts
297 - Post-task questions
298
2996. **Reference:** See `references/usability-testing-frameworks.md` for full guide
300
301---
302
303### Workflow 4: Synthesize Research
304
305**Situation:** You have raw research data (interviews, surveys, observations) and need actionable insights.
306
307**Steps:**
308
3091. **Code the data**
310
311 Tag each data point:
312 - `[GOAL]` - What they want to achieve
313 - `[PAIN]` - What frustrates them
314 - `[BEHAVIOR]` - What they actually do
315 - `[CONTEXT]` - When/where they use product
316 - `[QUOTE]` - Direct user words
317
3182. **Cluster similar patterns**
319
320 ```
321 User A: Uses daily, advanced features, shortcuts
322 User B: Uses daily, complex workflows, automation
323 User C: Uses weekly, basic needs, occasional
324
325 Cluster 1: A, B (Power Users)
326 Cluster 2: C (Casual User)
327 ```
328
3293. **Calculate segment sizes**
330
331 | Cluster | Users | % | Viability |
332 |---------|-------|---|-----------|
333 | Power Users | 18 | 36% | Primary persona |
334 | Business Users | 15 | 30% | Primary persona |
335 | Casual Users | 12 | 24% | Secondary persona |
336
3374. **Extract key findings**
338
339 For each theme:
340 - Finding statement
341 - Supporting evidence (quotes, data)
342 - Frequency (X/Y participants)
343 - Business impact
344 - Recommendation
345
3465. **Prioritize opportunities**
347
348 | Factor | Score 1-5 |
349 |--------|-----------|
350 | Frequency | How often does this occur? |
351 | Severity | How much does it hurt? |
352 | Breadth | How many users affected? |
353 | Solvability | Can we fix this? |
354
3556. **Reference:** See `references/persona-methodology.md` for analysis framework
356
357---
358
359## Tool Reference
360
361### persona_generator.py
362
363Generates data-driven personas from user research data.
364
365| Argument | Values | Default | Description |
366|----------|--------|---------|-------------|
367| format | (none), json | (none) | Output format |
368
369**Sample Output:**
370
371```
372============================================================
373PERSONA: Alex the Power User
374============================================================
375
376📝 A daily user who primarily uses the product for work purposes
377
378Archetype: Power User
379Quote: "I need tools that can keep up with my workflow"
380
381👤 Demographics:
382 • Age Range: 25-34
383 • Location Type: Urban
384 • Tech Proficiency: Advanced
385
386🎯 Goals & Needs:
387 • Complete tasks efficiently
388 • Automate workflows
389 • Access advanced features
390
391😤 Frustrations:
392 • Slow loading times (14/20 users)
393 • No keyboard shortcuts
394 • Limited API access
395
396💡 Design Implications:
397 → Optimize for speed and efficiency
398 → Provide keyboard shortcuts and power features
399 → Expose API and automation capabilities
400
401📈 Data: Based on 45 users
402 Confidence: High
403```
404
405**Archetypes Generated:**
406
407| Archetype | Signals | Design Focus |
408|-----------|---------|--------------|
409| power_user | Daily use, 10+ features | Efficiency, customization |
410| casual_user | Weekly use, 3-5 features | Simplicity, guidance |
411| business_user | Work context, team use | Collaboration, reporting |
412| mobile_first | Mobile primary | Touch, offline, speed |
413
414**Output Components:**
415
416| Component | Description |
417|-----------|-------------|
418| demographics | Age range, location, occupation, tech level |
419| psychographics | Motivations, values, attitudes, lifestyle |
420| behaviors | Usage patterns, feature preferences |
421| needs_and_goals | Primary, secondary, functional, emotional |
422| frustrations | Pain points with evidence |
423| scenarios | Contextual usage stories |
424| design_implications | Actionable recommendations |
425| data_points | Sample size, confidence level |
426
427---
428
429## Quick Reference Tables
430
431### Research Method Selection
432
433| Question Type | Best Method | Sample Size |
434|---------------|-------------|-------------|
435| "What do users do?" | Analytics, observation | 100+ events |
436| "Why do they do it?" | Interviews | 8-15 users |
437| "How well can they do it?" | Usability test | 5-8 users |
438| "What do they prefer?" | Survey, A/B test | 50+ users |
439| "What do they feel?" | Diary study, interviews | 10-15 users |
440
441### Persona Confidence Levels
442
443| Sample Size | Confidence | Use Case |
444|-------------|------------|----------|
445| 5-10 users | Low | Exploratory |
446| 11-30 users | Medium | Directional |
447| 31+ users | High | Production |
448
449### Usability Issue Severity
450
451| Severity | Definition | Action |
452|----------|------------|--------|
453| 4 - Critical | Prevents task completion | Fix immediately |
454| 3 - Major | Significant difficulty | Fix before release |
455| 2 - Minor | Causes hesitation | Fix when possible |
456| 1 - Cosmetic | Noticed but not problematic | Low priority |
457
458### Interview Question Types
459
460| Type | Example | Use For |
461|------|---------|---------|
462| Context | "Walk me through your typical day" | Understanding environment |
463| Behavior | "Show me how you do X" | Observing actual actions |
464| Goals | "What are you trying to achieve?" | Uncovering motivations |
465| Pain | "What's the hardest part?" | Identifying frustrations |
466| Reflection | "What would you change?" | Generating ideas |
467
468---
469
470## Knowledge Base
471
472Detailed reference guides in `references/`:
473
474| File | Content |
475|------|---------|
476| `persona-methodology.md` | Validity criteria, data collection, analysis framework |
477| `journey-mapping-guide.md` | Mapping process, templates, opportunity identification |
478| `example-personas.md` | 3 complete persona examples with data |
479| `usability-testing-frameworks.md` | Test planning, task design, analysis |
480
481---
482
483## Validation Checklist
484
485### Persona Quality
486- [ ] Based on 20+ users (minimum)
487- [ ] At least 2 data sources (quant + qual)
488- [ ] Specific, actionable goals
489- [ ] Frustrations include frequency counts
490- [ ] Design implications are specific
491- [ ] Confidence level stated
492
493### Journey Map Quality
494- [ ] Scope clearly defined (persona, goal, timeframe)
495- [ ] Based on real user data, not assumptions
496- [ ] All layers filled (actions, touchpoints, emotions)
497- [ ] Pain points identified per stage
498- [ ] Opportunities prioritized
499
500### Usability Test Quality
501- [ ] Research questions are testable
502- [ ] Tasks are realistic scenarios, not instructions
503- [ ] 5+ participants per design
504- [ ] Success metrics defined
505- [ ] Findings include severity ratings
506
507### Research Synthesis Quality
508- [ ] Data coded consistently
509- [ ] Patterns based on 3+ data points
510- [ ] Findings include evidence
511- [ ] Recommendations are actionable
512- [ ] Priorities justified
513
514---
515
516## Tool Reference
517
518### persona_generator.py
519
520Generates data-driven personas from user research data, classifying users into archetypes with demographics, psychographics, behaviors, goals, frustrations, and design implications.
521
522| Argument | Type | Default | Description |
523|----------|------|---------|-------------|
524| `format` | positional | (none) | Add `json` for JSON output; omit for human-readable |
525
526**Archetypes supported:** power_user, casual_user, business_user, mobile_first
527
528**Output components:** name, archetype, tagline, quote, demographics, psychographics, behaviors, needs_and_goals, frustrations, scenarios, data_points, design_implications
529
530```bash
531python scripts/persona_generator.py # Human-readable formatted output
532python scripts/persona_generator.py json # JSON for programmatic use
533```
534
535**Data input format (customize in script):**
536```json
537[{
538 "user_id": "user_1",
539 "age": 32,
540 "usage_frequency": "daily",
541 "features_used": ["dashboard", "reports", "export"],
542 "primary_device": "desktop",
543 "usage_context": "work",
544 "tech_proficiency": 7,
545 "pain_points": ["slow loading", "confusing UI"]
546}]
547```
548
549---
550
551## Troubleshooting
552
553| Problem | Cause | Solution |
554|---------|-------|----------|
555| Persona confidence level is "Low" | Fewer than 20 users in sample data | Collect more data points; combine quantitative analytics with qualitative interviews |
556| All users classified as same archetype | Insufficient variation in input data | Ensure data includes diverse usage frequencies, devices, and contexts |
557| Frustrations are generic (fallback defaults) | Not enough pain_points in user data | Enrich user data with pain_points from interviews and support tickets |
558| Design implications too vague | Patterns don't strongly differentiate | Add more behavioral signals (features_used, session duration, task completion) |
559| Journey map has flat emotion curve | All stages scored similarly | Re-evaluate with actual user data; conduct contextual interviews per stage |
560| Usability test sample too small | Fewer than 5 participants | 5 participants find ~85% of usability issues; recruit to minimum 5 |
561| Research synthesis has no clear patterns | Data not coded consistently | Use consistent tagging scheme (GOAL, PAIN, BEHAVIOR, CONTEXT, QUOTE) |
562
563---
564
565## Success Criteria
566
567| Criterion | Target | How to Measure |
568|-----------|--------|----------------|
569| Persona validity | Validated by 3+ real users ("sounds like me") | Post-creation validation interviews |
570| Persona coverage | All key segments represented | Count of personas vs identified user segments |
571| Data confidence level | "High" (31+ users) | persona_generator data_points.confidence_level |
572| Research cadence | 5-8 interviews per segment per quarter | Count of completed research sessions |
573| Insight-to-action rate | >70% of findings result in design changes | Track findings through to implementation |
574| Usability issue resolution | All critical/major issues fixed before release | Issue severity tracking |
575| Journey map freshness | Updated at least quarterly | Last-updated date on each journey map |
576
577---
578
579## Scope & Limitations
580
581**In scope:**
582- Data-driven persona generation from user research
583- Archetype classification (power, casual, business, mobile-first)
584- User journey mapping frameworks
585- Usability test planning and scoring
586- Research synthesis and coding methodology
587- Interview question frameworks
588- Empathy map and opportunity identification
589
590**Out of scope:**
591- Automated user interview recording/transcription
592- Real-time analytics integration (use analytics platforms)
593- Quantitative survey design and distribution (use Typeform/SurveyMonkey)
594- Eye tracking or biometric data analysis
595- AI-powered sentiment analysis (tool uses heuristic classification)
596- Persona illustration or visual asset generation
597- Accessibility auditing (see product-designer or design-system-lead skills)
598
599---
600
601## Integration Points
602
603| Tool / Platform | Integration Method | Use Case |
604|-----------------|-------------------|----------|
605| Dovetail / Condens | Export research data, import persona JSON | Centralize research insights |
606| Figma / Miro | Paste persona output as design artifact | Reference personas during design work |
607| Notion / Confluence | Human-readable output | Document and share personas with team |
608| product-manager-toolkit | Persona pain points inform RICE scoring | Connect user needs to feature prioritization |
609| agile-product-owner | Persona data informs user story personas | Write stories grounded in research |
610| product-designer | Persona feeds into journey mapping and usability test recruitment | End-to-end design research workflow |