Plotly Essentials
Express vs Graph Objects
- Express: Quick exploratory plots from DataFrames
- Graph Objects: Fine-grained control, complex multi-trace figures
Common Charts (Express)
import plotly.express as px
px.scatter(df, x="x", y="y", color="cat", size="val", hover_data=["name"])
px.line(df, x="date", y="value", color="series")
px.bar(df, x="cat", y="val", color="group", barmode="group") # or "stack"
px.histogram(df, x="val", color="group", barmode="overlay", opacity=0.7)
px.box(df, x="group", y="val", points="all")
px.violin(df, x="group", y="val", box=True)
px.imshow(corr_matrix, text_auto=".2f", color_continuous_scale="RdBu_r")
px.scatter_matrix(df, dimensions=["a", "b", "c"], color="cat")
Graph Objects (when needed)
import plotly.graph_objects as go
from plotly.subplots import make_subplots
fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=x, y=y, mode="lines+markers", name="series"))
fig.update_layout(title="Title", template="plotly_white")
fig.update_traces(marker=dict(size=10))
Subplots
fig = make_subplots(rows=2, cols=2, subplot_titles=["A", "B", "C", "D"])
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=x, y=y), row=1, col=1)
# Secondary y-axis
fig = make_subplots(specs=[[{"secondary_y": True}]])
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(...), secondary_y=False)
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(...), secondary_y=True)
Customization
fig.update_layout(
template="plotly_white", # or plotly_dark, ggplot2, seaborn
legend=dict(orientation="h", yanchor="bottom", y=1.02)
)
fig.add_hline(y=threshold, line_dash="dash")
fig.add_annotation(x=2, y=5, text="Note", showarrow=True)
fig.update_xaxes(type="log", title="X Label")
Export
fig.write_html("plot.html")
fig.write_image("plot.png", scale=2) # requires kaleido
fig.write_image("plot.svg")
Network Graphs
import networkx as nx
G = nx.karate_club_graph()
pos = nx.spring_layout(G, seed=42)
# Edges
edge_x, edge_y = [], []
for u, v in G.edges():
x0, y0 = pos[u]; x1, y1 = pos[v]
edge_x.extend([x0, x1, None])
edge_y.extend([y0, y1, None])
edge_trace = go.Scatter(x=edge_x, y=edge_y, mode="lines", line=dict(width=0.5, color="#888"))
node_trace = go.Scatter(x=[pos[n][0] for n in G.nodes()], y=[pos[n][1] for n in G.nodes()],
mode="markers", marker=dict(size=10, color=list(dict(G.degree()).values())))
fig = go.Figure([edge_trace, node_trace])
fig.update_layout(showlegend=False, xaxis=dict(showgrid=False, showticklabels=False),
yaxis=dict(showgrid=False, showticklabels=False))
Tips
- Large data:
px.scatter(..., render_mode="webgl")
- Colorblind-safe:
color_discrete_sequence=px.colors.qualitative.Safe
CodingKaiser