Redis CLI

redis-cli — Redis 命令行界面

何时使用

当需要 redis 命令行界面（redis-cli）参考与使用指南时使用此技能。当用户提到 redis-cli、Redis CLI，或任何涉及从命令行查询、检查、调试或管理 Redis 的任务时使用此技能。触发词：键值读写、SCAN、键空间扫描...

redis-cli 是与 Redis 交互的主要命令行工具。它支持两种模式：命令行执行（执行一条命令后退出）和交互模式（带 Tab 补全、历史记录和提示的 REPL）。它还提供了用于监控、延迟分析、键空间扫描和数据导入/导出的特殊模式。

官方资源： Redis CLI 文档 | 命令参考 | 下载

前置条件

# Check if redis-cli is installed
redis-cli --version

# Install options:

# macOS (Homebrew)
brew install redis

# Ubuntu / Debian
sudo apt install redis-tools

# CentOS / RHEL
sudo yum install redis

# Alpine
apk add redis

# Build from source (binary only)
make redis-cli
# Binary at: src/redis-cli

# Docker (no installation needed)
docker run -it --rm redis redis-cli -h <host> -p <port> PING

安全注意事项

重要提示：Redis 提供强大的操作能力，可能不可逆地修改或删除数据。 请密切注意以下安全准则：

• 切勿在生产环境中通过 -a 传递密码 — 在 shell 历史记录和进程列表中可见。请改用 REDISCLI_AUTH 环境变量。
• KEYS * 会阻塞服务器 — 在大型数据库上务必使用 SCAN 替代。
• MONITOR 会记录所有命令 — 包括敏感数据，谨慎使用，切勿在生产服务器上长时间运行。
• FLUSHALL / FLUSHDB 不可逆 — 执行前务必用 CLIENT LIST 或 INFO keyspace 确认目标数据库。
• 写入操作期间使用 --rdb 传输 — 在繁忙服务器上可能产生不一致的快照。

快速参考

连接

# Basic connection (default: 127.0.0.1:6379)
redis-cli
redis-cli -h redis15.localnet.org -p 6390 PING

# With password (prefer REDISCLI_AUTH env var for security)
redis-cli -a myUnguessablePazzzzzword123 PING

# URI connection
redis-cli -u redis://user:password@host:port/dbnum PING

# TLS
redis-cli --tls --cacert /path/to/ca.crt -h redis.example.com PING

# Specific database
redis-cli -n 2 DBSIZE

# IPv4/IPv6 preference
redis-cli -4 PING   # prefer IPv4
redis-cli -6 PING   # prefer IPv6

命令行模式与交互模式

# Command-line mode: execute one command and exit
redis-cli INCR mycounter
redis-cli GET mykey

# Interactive mode: type commands at the prompt
redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> PING
PONG
127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 2
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> DBSIZE
(integer) 1

提示符显示 host:port[db]。使用 CONNECT <host> <port> 在交互模式下切换实例。

数据查询速查表

String 操作 (O(1)):

GET key                        # Get value
SET key value [NX|XX] [EX sec|PX ms|KEEPTTL]  # Set with conditions/TTL
SET key value GET              # Set new, return old value
GETSET key newvalue            # [Use SET key value GET instead]
MGET key1 key2 ...             # Get multiple values
INCR key                       # Increment integer (+1)
INCRBY key 10                  # Increment by amount
STRLEN key                     # String length
GETRANGE key 0 50              # Substring

Hash 操作:

HGET key field                 # Get field value            O(1)
HMGET key f1 f2                # Get multiple fields        O(N)
HGETALL key                    # Get all fields/values      O(N)
HKEYS key                      # Get all field names        O(N)
HLEN key                       # Number of fields           O(1)
HEXISTS key field              # Check field exists         O(1)
HSCAN key 0 [MATCH pat]        # Iterate hash fields        O(1) per call

List 操作:

LRANGE key 0 -1                # Get all elements           O(N)
LLEN key                       # List length                O(1)
LINDEX key 0                   # Get by index               O(N)
LPOS key value                 # Find element position      O(N)

Set 操作:

SMEMBERS key                   # Get all members            O(N)
SCARD key                      # Set cardinality            O(1)
SISMEMBER key member           # Check membership           O(1)
SMISMEMBER key m1 m2           # Multi-membership check     O(N)
SSCAN key 0 [MATCH pat]        # Iterate set members        O(1) per call

Sorted Set 操作:

ZRANGE key 0 -1 [WITHSCORES]           # By index              O(log(N)+M)
ZRANGE key -inf +inf BYSCORE           # By score range        O(log(N)+M)
ZRANGE key [a [z BYLEX                 # By lexicographic      O(log(N)+M)
ZCARD key                               # Member count          O(1)
ZSCORE key member                       # Get score             O(1)
ZRANK key member                        # Get rank              O(log(N))
ZSCAN key 0 [MATCH pat]                 # Iterate members       O(1) per call

键检查:

EXISTS key [key ...]           # Check existence (O(N) for multi) — returns count
TYPE key                       # Data type: string|list|set|zset|hash|stream  O(1)
TTL key                        # Seconds until expiry (-1=none, -2=not exists)  O(1)
PTTL key                       # Milliseconds until expiry                      O(1)
MEMORY USAGE key [SAMPLES n]   # Memory consumption in bytes                    O(N)
OBJECT ENCODING key            # Internal encoding (ziplist, hashtable, etc.)   O(1)
OBJECT IDLETIME key            # Seconds since last access                      O(1)
DBSIZE                         # Total keys in current database                 O(1)
RANDOMKEY                      # Return a random key                            O(1)

键扫描（生产安全）

基于 SCAN 的迭代不会阻塞服务器，而 KEYS * 在生产环境中应避免使用。

# redis-cli built-in scan mode
redis-cli --scan                          # List all keys
redis-cli --scan --pattern 'user:*'       # Filter by pattern
redis-cli --scan --pattern '*:12345*'     # Glob patterns
redis-cli --scan --count 100              # Batch size hint

# Programmatic SCAN in interactive mode
SCAN 0 MATCH user:* COUNT 100
# Returns: 1) next_cursor  2) [keys...]
# Continue with: SCAN <next_cursor> MATCH user:* COUNT 100
# Iteration complete when cursor returns 0

# Count keys matching a pattern
redis-cli --scan --pattern 'session:*' | wc -l

SCAN 保证：完整迭代（游标 0 → 游标 0）始终返回整个迭代期间存在的所有元素。元素可能出现多次 — 需在应用中处理去重。

服务器检查

# Real-time stats (updates every second, use -i to change interval)
redis-cli --stat

# Server information
redis-cli INFO server             # Server details
redis-cli INFO memory             # Memory usage
redis-cli INFO keyspace           # Database key counts
redis-cli INFO replication        # Replication status
redis-cli INFO all                # Everything

# Key space analysis
redis-cli --bigkeys               # Find largest keys by element count
redis-cli --memkeys               # Find largest keys by memory usage
redis-cli --keystats              # Combined bigkeys + memkeys with distribution

# Latency analysis
redis-cli --latency               # Continuous latency sampling
redis-cli --latency-history       # Latency over time (15s windows)
redis-cli --latency-dist          # Latency spectrum visualization
redis-cli --intrinsic-latency 5   # System baseline latency (run on Redis host)

输出控制

# Raw output (no type prefixes) — default when piping
redis-cli --raw GET mykey
redis-cli GET mykey > /tmp/output.txt    # auto raw mode

# Human-readable (force) when piping
redis-cli --no-raw GET mykey | cat

# CSV output
redis-cli --csv LRANGE mylist 0 -1

# JSON output (RESP3, use -2 for RESP2)
redis-cli --json HGETALL user:1

# Read last argument from stdin
cat /etc/services | redis-cli -x SET net_services

# Pipe commands from file
cat /tmp/commands.txt | redis-cli

重复执行命令

# Run command N times
redis-cli -r 5 INCR counter

# Run with delay (seconds, supports decimals)
redis-cli -r -1 -i 1 INFO | grep rss_human    # infinite, every 1s

# Interactive: prefix with count
5 INCR mycounter    # runs 5 times

服务器管理

# ACL management
redis-cli ACL LIST                                    # List all users
redis-cli ACL SETUSER admin on >pwd ~* +@all          # Create admin user
redis-cli ACL SETUSER readonly on >pwd ~* +@read      # Create read-only user
redis-cli ACL DELUSER username                        # Delete user
redis-cli ACL DRYRUN username GET key                 # Test user permission
redis-cli ACL GENPASS                                 # Generate random password

# Client management
redis-cli CLIENT LIST                                 # List all connections
redis-cli CLIENT KILL ADDR ip:port                    # Disconnect client
redis-cli CLIENT PAUSE 5000 WRITE                     # Pause writes for 5s
redis-cli CLIENT SETNAME my-app                       # Name current connection

# Configuration
redis-cli CONFIG GET maxmemory                        # Read config
redis-cli CONFIG SET maxmemory 100mb                  # Set config at runtime
redis-cli CONFIG REWRITE                              # Persist to redis.conf
redis-cli CONFIG RESETSTAT                            # Reset INFO counters

# Replication acknowledgment
redis-cli WAIT 2 5000                                 # Wait for 2 replicas (5s timeout)
redis-cli WAITAOF 1 1 5000                            # Wait for AOF fsync (Redis 7.2+)

# Persistence
redis-cli BGSAVE                                      # Background RDB save
redis-cli BGREWRITEAOF                                # Background AOF rewrite
redis-cli LASTSAVE                                    # Last save timestamp

# Replication
redis-cli REPLICAOF host port                         # Become replica
redis-cli REPLICAOF NO ONE                            # Promote to master

# Server lifecycle
redis-cli SHUTDOWN SAVE                               # Save and stop
redis-cli SHUTDOWN NOSAVE                             # Stop without saving

# Slow log
redis-cli SLOWLOG GET 10                              # Recent slow commands
redis-cli SLOWLOG LEN                                 # Entry count
redis-cli SLOWLOG RESET                               # Clear entries

# Cluster management
redis-cli --cluster check host:port                   # Check cluster health
redis-cli --cluster reshard host:port                 # Move slots between nodes
redis-cli -c -h cluster-node PING                     # Cluster-aware connection

详细参考文件

常见工作流

探索未知数据库

# Step 1: Basic stats
redis-cli INFO keyspace
redis-cli DBSIZE

# Step 2: Find big keys and memory usage
redis-cli --bigkeys
redis-cli --memkeys

# Step 3: Sample keys and inspect types
redis-cli --scan | head -20
redis-cli TYPE <key>
redis-cli TTL <key>

# Step 4: Read data based on type
redis-cli HGETALL <hash_key>
redis-cli LRANGE <list_key> 0 -1
redis-cli ZRANGE <zset_key> 0 -1 WITHSCORES

实时监控

# Live server stats
redis-cli --stat -i 2

# Watch memory specifically
redis-cli -r -1 -i 5 INFO memory | grep used_memory_human

# Monitor all commands (caution: high overhead)
redis-cli MONITOR

# Continuous latency
redis-cli --latency-history -i 5

查询特定键模式

# Count keys by pattern
redis-cli --scan --pattern 'session:*' | wc -l

# Find and inspect hash keys
redis-cli --scan --pattern 'user:*' | while read key; do
  echo "=== $key ==="
  redis-cli HGETALL "$key"
done

# Check TTL of matching keys
redis-cli --scan --pattern 'cache:*' | while read key; do
  redis-cli TTL "$key"
done

外部参考

• Redis CLI 文档
• Redis 命令参考
• Redis 数据类型
• Redis 协议规范
• Redis 批量插入
• Redis Lua 调试器

限制

• 仅当任务明确匹配其上游源和本地项目上下文时使用此技能。
• 在应用变更前，验证命令、生成的代码、依赖项、凭证和外部服务行为。
• 不要将示例替代环境特定测试、安全审查或用户对破坏性或高成本操作的批准。