LinkedIn Ads for ABM - Guide
Ad formats, budget math, campaign structure, performance benchmarks, and optimization for Account-Based Marketing on LinkedIn.
Why LinkedIn for ABM
- Best professional targeting: Filter by company, title, seniority, industry, function - no other platform matches this precision for B2B.
- Company list targeting: Upload company lists from CRM → target specific accounts (minimum 300 matched members to run).
- Persona filtering on company lists: Push company lists, then use LinkedIn's native filters to target specific personas within those accounts.
- ABM-native: LinkedIn is where B2B decision-makers live. Your target accounts are already there.
Limitation: Google Display match rates are too low for B2B (nobody uses work emails on Google accounts). LinkedIn is the primary ABM channel. Google Display can supplement via retargeting on a separate no-index landing page domain.
LinkedIn Ad Formats for ABM
Format Overview and Performance
| Format |
CTR |
CPC |
Best For |
ABM Stage |
| Single Image Ads |
0.35-0.45% |
$8-19 |
Highest CTR, lowest CPC. Primary workhorse. |
All stages |
| Thought Leader Ads (TLAs) |
~4-5%* |
~$60-70* |
Top-of-funnel awareness, events, webinars. Runs on an engagement objective, so this is an engagement rate (read-more, reactions, profile clicks, tags) - NOT a click-through-rate to a landing page. Do not compare it to a website-visits CTR. |
Awareness |
| Carousel Ads |
Moderate |
~$8-12 |
Multi-feature showcases, comparison content |
Interested |
| Video Ads |
~0.3% |
~$20-25 |
Brand awareness, product demos, case studies |
Awareness → Interested |
| Text Ads |
Very low |
Negligible |
Cheap brand impressions. Few clicks. |
Awareness (background) |
| DM/Message Ads |
Low |
Very expensive |
Direct offers. Extremely high CPC. Not recommended for scale. |
Considering (sparingly) |
| Document Ads |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Lead magnets, guides, reports |
Interested |
Figures above are directional benchmarks; treat them as starting expectations and validate against your own account data.
Objective by stage (warming vs traffic)
To warm up a cold audience, use an engagement objective - not a website-visits objective. The right warm-up formats are single-image ads, document ads, and Thought Leader Ads, all run on engagement. A website-visits objective is the wrong choice for warming: you optimize (and pay) for a landing-page click before the account has any intent, so you burn budget. Move to traffic/conversion objectives only at the WARM stage, once accounts have already engaged.
Formats by funnel stage
Top of funnel (warm-up, engagement objective). Thought Leader Ads and Document Ads are the main formats, with Single Image supporting. Thought Leader Ads run on the engagement objective. Goal: build trust and fill the retargeting pool - no hard sell.
Middle of funnel (consideration, retargeting engaged accounts). Document Ads and Single Image - case studies, before/after, proof that moves the account toward a decision.
Bottom of funnel (conversion, hot/high-intent accounts). Single Image with a direct CTA, Testimonial ads, and Conversation Ads (conversion-focused). Thought Leader Ads with conversion-focused copy can also work here.
Testimonial ads (worth calling out). If a customer posted about you on their own profile, you can promote that post - third-party proof, same mechanic as a Thought Leader Ad. Variations, strongest first: video testimonial from a customer, written testimonial, single-image testimonial, influencer/non-employee, and your own team/CEO/founder.
Recommended Ad Mix per Campaign
| Ad Type |
# of Ads per Campaign |
Monthly Budget Needed (@$8 CPC) |
| Single Image Ads |
5 |
~$4,800 |
| Thought Leader Ads |
5 |
~$4,800 |
| Carousel Ads |
2 |
~$1,900 |
| Video Ads |
2-3 |
~$2,880 |
| Text Ads |
3-5 |
~$250 |
| Total per campaign |
17-20 |
~$14,630 |
The Budget Math (Critical)
Why Most LinkedIn ABM Campaigns Fail
Budget dilution. Too many ads running on too little budget. Each ad never gets enough spend to generate useful data.
The Formula
Monthly Budget ÷ 30 ÷ (Avg CPC × 4 clicks) = Maximum Effective Ads
Example: $10,000/month ÷ 30 = $333/day. At $8 CPC × 4 clicks = $32/ad/day. Max ads = ~10.
Budget Per Ad Calculation
| Factor |
Value |
| Average CPC |
$5-$10 (use $8 as baseline) |
| Minimum clicks per ad per day |
3-4 (to get meaningful data) |
| Cost per ad per day |
$24-$32 |
| Cost per 5-ad image campaign per month |
~$4,800 |
Key Rule
Each ad needs enough daily spend to generate 3-4 clicks. Anything below that = slow learning, false positives/negatives, and wasted spend.
Budget-to-Target Calculation
To generate 107 demos (example):
- Landing page conversion rate: 1%
- CTR: 0.4%
- Impressions needed: ~2,675,000
- At $55 CPM: ~$147,125 budget
- Add 15-20% margin for error
Budget Allocation Reality Check
With $10K/month and $8 CPC:
- You can run ONE campaign group effectively (not multiple persona splits)
- Choose: split by persona OR by intent - NOT both
- Focus on one intent group at a time until budget increases
Campaign Structure
Recommended Structure (Simplified)
Critical lesson: Don't split campaigns by persona AND intent simultaneously. You'll run out of budget and hit LinkedIn's minimum audience thresholds.
Two campaign layers:
| Layer |
Stage |
Content Focus |
Audience |
| COLD |
Identified + Aware |
Awareness content, thought leadership, events |
Full target account list |
| WARM |
Interested + Considering |
Solution-oriented, case studies, product demos, comparisons |
Retargeting audience (engaged accounts) |
Campaign Group Structure (by Intent)
Campaign Group: [Intent Theme] (e.g., "Analytics & Session Replay")
├── Campaign 1: Single Image Ads (5 ads)
├── Campaign 2: Thought Leader Ads (5 ads)
├── Campaign 3: Video Ads (2-3 ads)
├── Campaign 4: Carousel Ads (2 ads)
└── Campaign 5: Text Ads (3-5 ads)
Group by shared intent rather than persona because:
- More engagements roll up at campaign-group level → easier to hit LinkedIn's 3-engagement minimum for API data
- Classic LinkedIn campaigns only contain one asset type → fewer campaigns needed
- Larger audience per group → less likely to hit 300-member minimum threshold issues
Stage-Based Content Progression
| Stage |
Content Type |
Examples |
| Identified/Aware |
Awareness, thought leadership |
Industry insights, events/webinars, TLAs from influencers, "did you know" stats |
| Interested |
Solution-oriented |
Feature highlights, comparison content, how-to guides, competitor displacement |
| Considering |
Product/conversion |
Case studies, ROI calculators, product demos, customer testimonials, free trial offers |
Audience Management Flow
HubSpot Company Lists → LinkedIn Campaign Manager
→ LinkedIn native filters for persona targeting
→ ~48 hours for audience to sync
→ Minimum 300 matched members required
As accounts hit engagement thresholds:
→ ZenABM/Fibbler pushes data to HubSpot
→ HubSpot active lists update automatically
→ LinkedIn audiences update (removes from COLD, adds to WARM)
→ Different ads shown automatically
LinkedIn Ad Specs (Quick Reference)
Single Image Ads
| Spec |
Requirement |
| File type |
JPG, PNG, or GIF |
| File size |
Max 5 MB |
| Horizontal (1.91:1) |
1200 × 628 px recommended |
| Square (1:1) |
1200 × 1200 px recommended (best for cross-device) |
| Vertical (4:5) |
720 × 900 px recommended (best mobile CTR) |
| Headline |
70 characters max |
| Introductory text |
150 characters max |
| CTA options |
Apply, Download, Learn More, Sign Up, Register, Request Demo, etc. |
Composition Rules
- Keep headline and logo in safe central area
- Important content away from edges (feed UI crops/overlays)
- Headline must be readable at thumbnail size
- Images under 401px wide may display as thumbnails
Ad Copy Best Practices
- Headline: Direct benefit or curiosity hook (≤70 chars)
- Intro text: Problem → solution framing or social proof (≤150 chars)
- CTA: Match to funnel stage (Learn More for awareness, Request Demo for consideration)
- Visual: Product screenshots, customer logos, stats, or clean typography
- Personalization: Reference the persona's JTBD in the creative
Performance Benchmarks
LinkedIn Ad Benchmarks (ABM Context)
| Metric |
Benchmark |
Notes |
| CTR (Single Image) |
0.35-0.45% |
Highest performing format |
| CTR (Video) |
0.28% |
Good for awareness |
| CTR (TLA) |
~4-5%* |
*Engagement rate under an engagement objective (counts all click types: read-more, reactions, profile clicks). NOT landing-page CTR - not comparable to a website-visits CTR |
| CPC (Single Image) |
$8-19 |
Varies by audience size and competition |
| CPC (Video) |
~$20-25 |
More expensive per click |
| CPC (TLA) |
~$60-70 |
Expensive but drives event signups |
| CPM |
$55 (typical) |
Varies by targeting precision |
| Pipeline per $ spent |
$10+ |
Healthy ABM efficiency target |
Campaign Efficiency Targets
| Metric |
Target |
When to Worry |
| Pipeline per $ spent |
$10+ per $1 |
Below $5 after 90 days |
| Accounts progressing Identified → Aware |
55% |
Below 40% |
| Accounts progressing Aware → Interested |
30% |
Below 20% |
| Accounts progressing Interested → Considering |
20% |
Below 10% |
| Weekly stage progression |
Consistent with benchmarks |
Flat for 2+ weeks |
Monitoring Cadence
| Frequency |
What to Check |
| Weekly |
Accounts passing between stages vs. benchmark; ad CTR/CPC; budget pacing |
| Bi-weekly |
Campaign group performance; adjust ad mix if formats underperform |
| Monthly |
Pipeline per $ spent; cost per demo; creative refresh needed? |
| Quarterly |
Full campaign review; ICP refinement; budget reallocation |
Optimization Playbook
What to Test First
- Ad creative (biggest lever) - test 5+ variations per campaign
- Audience refinement - tighten ICP, exclude non-performers
- Offer/CTA - event invite vs. demo vs. trial vs. content
- Ad format mix - shift budget to best-performing formats
Common Mistakes
| Mistake |
Why It Hurts |
Fix |
| Too many ads, too little budget |
No ad gets enough data |
Follow the budget math formula |
| Splitting by persona AND intent |
Audiences too small, budget diluted |
Choose one dimension per campaign |
| Overcomplicating account scoring |
Breaks in practice |
Use LinkedIn engagement data only |
| Trusting website de-anonymization |
Unreliable (<1% match rate) |
Rely on LinkedIn's native engagement data |
| Not setting up a no-index landing page domain |
Can't separate ABM traffic from organic |
Create separate landing page entity |
| Running DM ads at scale |
Extremely expensive CPC |
Use sparingly, only for high-value Considering stage |
LinkedIn ABM Tech Stack
| Tool |
Function |
| HubSpot |
CRM and workflows; syncs company lists to LinkedIn ad audiences |
| ContactLevel |
Contact enrichment |
| Fibbler |
LinkedIn ad engagement → CRM sync |
| Freckle |
Ad audience sync |
| LinkedIn Campaign Manager |
Ad management, targeting, delivery |
These are the specific tools in the stack. Cost varies with seats and usage, so there's no single fixed monthly number - budget for it based on your own plan tiers.
Team Requirements
Don't start ABM without these roles:
| Role |
FTE |
What They Do |
| ABM Manager |
1.0 |
Strategy, campaign setup, optimization, reporting |
| Marketing Ops Manager |
1.0 |
CRM workflows, data sync, audience management, troubleshooting |
| Graphic Designer |
0.5-1.0 |
Ad creatives, landing pages |
| Performance/Growth Manager |
0.5 |
Budget management, bidding, LinkedIn Campaign Manager |
| Head of Marketing |
0.5-1.0 |
Strategy oversight, alignment with sales |
| Demand Gen / PMM |
0.5 |
Messaging, content strategy, persona JTBDs |
Minimum: 4-5 people contributing. The RevOps work is the hardest part.
By Ivan Falco - Frontal
1---2name: linkedin-ads-abm-guide3description: Use this skill when planning or running LinkedIn ad campaigns for ABM — ad format selection, budget math, campaign structure, performance benchmarks, and optimization.4---56# LinkedIn Ads for ABM - Guide78Ad formats, budget math, campaign structure, performance benchmarks, and optimization for Account-Based Marketing on LinkedIn.910---1112## Why LinkedIn for ABM1314- **Best professional targeting:** Filter by company, title, seniority, industry, function - no other platform matches this precision for B2B.15- **Company list targeting:** Upload company lists from CRM → target specific accounts (minimum 300 matched members to run).16- **Persona filtering on company lists:** Push company lists, then use LinkedIn's native filters to target specific personas within those accounts.17- **ABM-native:** LinkedIn is where B2B decision-makers live. Your target accounts are already there.1819**Limitation:** Google Display match rates are too low for B2B (nobody uses work emails on Google accounts). LinkedIn is the primary ABM channel. Google Display can supplement via retargeting on a separate no-index landing page domain.2021---2223## LinkedIn Ad Formats for ABM2425### Format Overview and Performance2627| Format | CTR | CPC | Best For | ABM Stage |28|---|---|---|---|---|29| **Single Image Ads** | 0.35-0.45% | $8-19 | Highest CTR, lowest CPC. Primary workhorse. | All stages |30| **Thought Leader Ads (TLAs)** | ~4-5%* | ~$60-70* | Top-of-funnel awareness, events, webinars. *Runs on an engagement objective, so this is an engagement rate (read-more, reactions, profile clicks, tags) - NOT a click-through-rate to a landing page. Do not compare it to a website-visits CTR.* | Awareness |31| **Carousel Ads** | Moderate | ~$8-12 | Multi-feature showcases, comparison content | Interested |32| **Video Ads** | ~0.3% | ~$20-25 | Brand awareness, product demos, case studies | Awareness → Interested |33| **Text Ads** | Very low | Negligible | Cheap brand impressions. Few clicks. | Awareness (background) |34| **DM/Message Ads** | Low | Very expensive | Direct offers. Extremely high CPC. Not recommended for scale. | Considering (sparingly) |35| **Document Ads** | Moderate | Moderate | Lead magnets, guides, reports | Interested |3637*Figures above are directional benchmarks; treat them as starting expectations and validate against your own account data.*3839### Objective by stage (warming vs traffic)4041**To warm up a cold audience, use an engagement objective - not a website-visits objective.** The right warm-up formats are **single-image ads, document ads, and Thought Leader Ads, all run on engagement.** A website-visits objective is the wrong choice for warming: you optimize (and pay) for a landing-page click before the account has any intent, so you burn budget. Move to traffic/conversion objectives only at the WARM stage, once accounts have already engaged.4243### Formats by funnel stage4445**Top of funnel (warm-up, engagement objective).** Thought Leader Ads and Document Ads are the main formats, with Single Image supporting. Thought Leader Ads run on the engagement objective. Goal: build trust and fill the retargeting pool - no hard sell.4647**Middle of funnel (consideration, retargeting engaged accounts).** Document Ads and Single Image - case studies, before/after, proof that moves the account toward a decision.4849**Bottom of funnel (conversion, hot/high-intent accounts).** Single Image with a direct CTA, Testimonial ads, and Conversation Ads (conversion-focused). Thought Leader Ads with conversion-focused copy can also work here.5051**Testimonial ads (worth calling out).** If a customer posted about you on their own profile, you can promote that post - third-party proof, same mechanic as a Thought Leader Ad. Variations, strongest first: video testimonial from a customer, written testimonial, single-image testimonial, influencer/non-employee, and your own team/CEO/founder.5253### Recommended Ad Mix per Campaign5455| Ad Type | # of Ads per Campaign | Monthly Budget Needed (@$8 CPC) |56|---|---|---|57| Single Image Ads | 5 | ~$4,800 |58| Thought Leader Ads | 5 | ~$4,800 |59| Carousel Ads | 2 | ~$1,900 |60| Video Ads | 2-3 | ~$2,880 |61| Text Ads | 3-5 | ~$250 |62| **Total per campaign** | **17-20** | **~$14,630** |6364---6566## The Budget Math (Critical)6768### Why Most LinkedIn ABM Campaigns Fail6970**Budget dilution.** Too many ads running on too little budget. Each ad never gets enough spend to generate useful data.7172### The Formula7374```75Monthly Budget ÷ 30 ÷ (Avg CPC × 4 clicks) = Maximum Effective Ads76```7778**Example:** $10,000/month ÷ 30 = $333/day. At $8 CPC × 4 clicks = $32/ad/day. Max ads = ~10.7980### Budget Per Ad Calculation8182| Factor | Value |83|---|---|84| Average CPC | $5-$10 (use $8 as baseline) |85| Minimum clicks per ad per day | 3-4 (to get meaningful data) |86| Cost per ad per day | $24-$32 |87| Cost per 5-ad image campaign per month | ~$4,800 |8889### Key Rule9091**Each ad needs enough daily spend to generate 3-4 clicks.** Anything below that = slow learning, false positives/negatives, and wasted spend.9293### Budget-to-Target Calculation9495To generate 107 demos (example):96- Landing page conversion rate: 1%97- CTR: 0.4%98- Impressions needed: ~2,675,00099- At $55 CPM: **~$147,125 budget**100- Add 15-20% margin for error101102### Budget Allocation Reality Check103104With $10K/month and $8 CPC:105- You can run ONE campaign group effectively (not multiple persona splits)106- Choose: split by persona OR by intent - NOT both107- Focus on one intent group at a time until budget increases108109---110111## Campaign Structure112113### Recommended Structure (Simplified)114115**Critical lesson:** Don't split campaigns by persona AND intent simultaneously. You'll run out of budget and hit LinkedIn's minimum audience thresholds.116117**Two campaign layers:**118119| Layer | Stage | Content Focus | Audience |120|---|---|---|---|121| **COLD** | Identified + Aware | Awareness content, thought leadership, events | Full target account list |122| **WARM** | Interested + Considering | Solution-oriented, case studies, product demos, comparisons | Retargeting audience (engaged accounts) |123124### Campaign Group Structure (by Intent)125126```127Campaign Group: [Intent Theme] (e.g., "Analytics & Session Replay")128 ├── Campaign 1: Single Image Ads (5 ads)129 ├── Campaign 2: Thought Leader Ads (5 ads)130 ├── Campaign 3: Video Ads (2-3 ads)131 ├── Campaign 4: Carousel Ads (2 ads)132 └── Campaign 5: Text Ads (3-5 ads)133```134135Group by **shared intent** rather than persona because:1361. More engagements roll up at campaign-group level → easier to hit LinkedIn's 3-engagement minimum for API data1372. Classic LinkedIn campaigns only contain one asset type → fewer campaigns needed1383. Larger audience per group → less likely to hit 300-member minimum threshold issues139140### Stage-Based Content Progression141142| Stage | Content Type | Examples |143|---|---|---|144| **Identified/Aware** | Awareness, thought leadership | Industry insights, events/webinars, TLAs from influencers, "did you know" stats |145| **Interested** | Solution-oriented | Feature highlights, comparison content, how-to guides, competitor displacement |146| **Considering** | Product/conversion | Case studies, ROI calculators, product demos, customer testimonials, free trial offers |147148### Audience Management Flow149150```151HubSpot Company Lists → LinkedIn Campaign Manager152 → LinkedIn native filters for persona targeting153 → ~48 hours for audience to sync154 → Minimum 300 matched members required155156As accounts hit engagement thresholds:157 → ZenABM/Fibbler pushes data to HubSpot158 → HubSpot active lists update automatically159 → LinkedIn audiences update (removes from COLD, adds to WARM)160 → Different ads shown automatically161```162163---164165## LinkedIn Ad Specs (Quick Reference)166167### Single Image Ads168169| Spec | Requirement |170|---|---|171| **File type** | JPG, PNG, or GIF |172| **File size** | Max 5 MB |173| **Horizontal (1.91:1)** | 1200 × 628 px recommended |174| **Square (1:1)** | 1200 × 1200 px recommended (best for cross-device) |175| **Vertical (4:5)** | 720 × 900 px recommended (best mobile CTR) |176| **Headline** | 70 characters max |177| **Introductory text** | 150 characters max |178| **CTA options** | Apply, Download, Learn More, Sign Up, Register, Request Demo, etc. |179180### Composition Rules181182- Keep headline and logo in safe central area183- Important content away from edges (feed UI crops/overlays)184- Headline must be readable at thumbnail size185- Images under 401px wide may display as thumbnails186187### Ad Copy Best Practices188189- **Headline:** Direct benefit or curiosity hook (≤70 chars)190- **Intro text:** Problem → solution framing or social proof (≤150 chars)191- **CTA:** Match to funnel stage (Learn More for awareness, Request Demo for consideration)192- **Visual:** Product screenshots, customer logos, stats, or clean typography193- **Personalization:** Reference the persona's JTBD in the creative194195---196197## Performance Benchmarks198199### LinkedIn Ad Benchmarks (ABM Context)200201| Metric | Benchmark | Notes |202|---|---|---|203| **CTR (Single Image)** | 0.35-0.45% | Highest performing format |204| **CTR (Video)** | 0.28% | Good for awareness |205| **CTR (TLA)** | ~4-5%* | *Engagement rate under an engagement objective (counts all click types: read-more, reactions, profile clicks). NOT landing-page CTR - not comparable to a website-visits CTR |206| **CPC (Single Image)** | $8-19 | Varies by audience size and competition |207| **CPC (Video)** | ~$20-25 | More expensive per click |208| **CPC (TLA)** | ~$60-70 | Expensive but drives event signups |209| **CPM** | $55 (typical) | Varies by targeting precision |210| **Pipeline per $ spent** | $10+ | Healthy ABM efficiency target |211212### Campaign Efficiency Targets213214| Metric | Target | When to Worry |215|---|---|---|216| **Pipeline per $ spent** | $10+ per $1 | Below $5 after 90 days |217| **Accounts progressing Identified → Aware** | 55% | Below 40% |218| **Accounts progressing Aware → Interested** | 30% | Below 20% |219| **Accounts progressing Interested → Considering** | 20% | Below 10% |220| **Weekly stage progression** | Consistent with benchmarks | Flat for 2+ weeks |221222### Monitoring Cadence223224| Frequency | What to Check |225|---|---|226| **Weekly** | Accounts passing between stages vs. benchmark; ad CTR/CPC; budget pacing |227| **Bi-weekly** | Campaign group performance; adjust ad mix if formats underperform |228| **Monthly** | Pipeline per $ spent; cost per demo; creative refresh needed? |229| **Quarterly** | Full campaign review; ICP refinement; budget reallocation |230231---232233## Optimization Playbook234235### What to Test First2362371. **Ad creative** (biggest lever) - test 5+ variations per campaign2382. **Audience refinement** - tighten ICP, exclude non-performers2393. **Offer/CTA** - event invite vs. demo vs. trial vs. content2404. **Ad format mix** - shift budget to best-performing formats241242### Common Mistakes243244| Mistake | Why It Hurts | Fix |245|---|---|---|246| Too many ads, too little budget | No ad gets enough data | Follow the budget math formula |247| Splitting by persona AND intent | Audiences too small, budget diluted | Choose one dimension per campaign |248| Overcomplicating account scoring | Breaks in practice | Use LinkedIn engagement data only |249| Trusting website de-anonymization | Unreliable (<1% match rate) | Rely on LinkedIn's native engagement data |250| Not setting up a no-index landing page domain | Can't separate ABM traffic from organic | Create separate landing page entity |251| Running DM ads at scale | Extremely expensive CPC | Use sparingly, only for high-value Considering stage |252253---254255## LinkedIn ABM Tech Stack256257| Tool | Function |258|---|---|259| **HubSpot** | CRM and workflows; syncs company lists to LinkedIn ad audiences |260| **ContactLevel** | Contact enrichment |261| **Fibbler** | LinkedIn ad engagement → CRM sync |262| **Freckle** | Ad audience sync |263| **LinkedIn Campaign Manager** | Ad management, targeting, delivery |264265These are the specific tools in the stack. Cost varies with seats and usage, so there's no single fixed monthly number - budget for it based on your own plan tiers.266267---268269## Team Requirements270271Don't start ABM without these roles:272273| Role | FTE | What They Do |274|---|---|---|275| **ABM Manager** | 1.0 | Strategy, campaign setup, optimization, reporting |276| **Marketing Ops Manager** | 1.0 | CRM workflows, data sync, audience management, troubleshooting |277| **Graphic Designer** | 0.5-1.0 | Ad creatives, landing pages |278| **Performance/Growth Manager** | 0.5 | Budget management, bidding, LinkedIn Campaign Manager |279| **Head of Marketing** | 0.5-1.0 | Strategy oversight, alignment with sales |280| **Demand Gen / PMM** | 0.5 | Messaging, content strategy, persona JTBDs |281282**Minimum:** 4-5 people contributing. The RevOps work is the hardest part.283284---285286> By Ivan Falco - Frontal
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