HolobiomicsLab
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- ▌ Annotation Confidence Scoring 2 · holobiomicslabUse when after recursive annotation propagation has assigned metabolite labels to previously unannotated nodes in a two-layer metabolomic network, and before reporting final annotated metabolite identities.
- ▌ Binary Additive Flag Encoding 2 · holobiomicslabUse when constructing HPLC column feature vectors from raw metadata that includes additive composition flags (e.g., presence/absence or concentration of formic acid, acetic acid, TFA, or phosphoric acid in mobile phase eluents A and B).
- ▌ Cosine Similarity Computation 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when comparing two MS/MS spectra (query and reference) to quantify their spectral resemblance for compound identification or molecular networking, particularly when you need a simple, symmetric measure that is insensitive to precursor mass differences and does not require peak alignment.
- ▌ Cross View Similarity Scoring 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have an experimental mass spectrum (query) and a set of molecular candidate structures, and you need to rank the candidates by how well their predicted spectral features match the query spectrum.
- ▌ Database Metadata Enumeration 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when you have downloaded a curated structure-organism dataset (such as LOTUS) and need to verify the reported counts of unique entities (source databases, organisms, structures, and their pairs) to confirm dataset integrity, assess data coverage, or reproduce published statistics in a.
- ▌ Dda Acquisition Data Handling 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have raw or processed LC-MS/MS data from DDA mode acquisitions and need to extract, annotate, and structure MS/MS spectra with purity labels (or quality indicators) to serve as input to the DNMS2Purifier customized model training workflow, or to prepare data for purification of.
- ▌ Decision Tree Path Extraction 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have a trained shallow decision tree on ChemEcho feature vectors (sparse, high-dimensional representations of tandem mass spectra peaks and neutral losses) and need to convert it into an interpretable, deployable query for a domain-specific language like MassQL.
- ▌ Deep Learning Model Inference 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have preprocessed mass spectrometry spectra (tokenized m/z and intensity pairs or feature matrices) and a trained deep learning model checkpoint, and you need to classify unknown compounds or generate prediction confidence scores for structural novelty analysis.
- ▌ Eic Data Extraction From Xcms 2 · holobiomicslabUse when after running XCMS getEIC() to generate xcmsEIC objects and fillPeaks() to produce a filled xcmsSet object, before computing the 12 peak-quality metrics (Apex Max-Boundary Ratio, Elution Shift, FWHM2Base, Jaggedness, Modality, Symmetry, Sharpness, Gaussian Similarity, Retention-Time.
- ▌ Feature Identifier Assignment 2 · holobiomicslabUse when after constructing MetaboSet objects from Excel-formatted LC-MS peak tables and before drift correction or quality flagging.
- ▌ Flat File Parsing And Loading 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when you have published LOTUS flat files (TSV or compressed TSV.GZ) containing structure-organism pairs and need to enumerate unique structures, group by organism prevalence, or validate record counts against gold-standard benchmarks.
- ▌ Fragment Ion Mass Calibration 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when comparing experimental spectra to reference library spectra and fragment ion m/z values show systematic drift or measurement noise that could distort neutral loss peaks or cosine similarity scores.
- ▌ Gradient Performance Encoding 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when you have extracted retention times from the top detected MS1 features in a LC-MS run and need to evaluate whether the gradient spreads those compounds efficiently across the available chromatographic time window—particularly during iterative gradient optimization where you need a.
- ▌ In Silico Fragment Prediction 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have a collection of compound structures in SDF format (e.g., DNA adduct structures) and need to systematically generate predicted fragment spectra across a defined ionization level and mass range to populate a reference spectral database or validate experimental fragmentation patterns.
- ▌ Ion Image Augmentation Design 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when preparing ion image data from mass spectrometry imaging for contrastive self-supervised representation learning, and you need to generate augmented image pairs that reflect either co-localization relationships between different molecular ions (COL mode) or isotopic relationships.
- ▌ Lc Ms Feature Quality Scoring 2 · holobiomicslabUse when immediately after peak detection and feature table generation from LC-MS data, when you need to rank or filter features by confidence before annotation or statistical analysis.
- ▌ Metabolite Annotation Scoring 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have a feature table with candidate metabolite annotations (m/z, retention time, chemical identifiers) from MS/MS spectra or external tools (SIRIUS, GNPS), sample metadata linking samples to organisms, and you need to prioritize candidates by both annotation quality AND biological.
- ▌ Metaboset Object Manipulation 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when you have read LC-MS peak table data from Excel (or equivalent) into R and need to organize it into a structured object that tracks feature abundances, sample information (injection order, QC status), and feature metadata (mass, retention time, Feature_ID) simultaneously.
- ▌ Molecular Formula Calculation 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have user-specified lipid class constraints (e.
- ▌ Ms2 Annotation Interpretation 2 · holobiomicslabUse when after GNPS spectral library search has returned matched chemical annotations (with m/z values and cosine similarity scores) for MS/MS spectra.
- ▌ Multi Platform Ms Integration 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have untargeted metabolomics data from multiple MS instruments (e.
- ▌ Mzml File Parsing And Loading 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when you have centroided mzML format LC–MS files from multiple runs (e.
- ▌ Neural Network Model Training 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have downloaded LC-MS spectral peak data (DOI 10.25345/C5FD2F or equivalent) and need to build a supervised deep neural network classifier to distinguish peak classes in mass spectrometry data.
- ▌ Nps Classification Prediction 3 · holobiomicslabUse when you have an unknown mass spectrum from a suspicious analyte and need to determine whether it matches a known NPS or a derivative thereof. The analyte's mass spectrum is available in MSP or equivalent format, and you have a core drug structure to enumerate derivatives from.
- ▌ Pre Trained Model Fine Tuning 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have a small training dataset for molecular property prediction (e.g., <500 samples from PredRet or MoNA databases) and a pre-trained GNN model is available that was trained on a related, larger molecular corpus.
- ▌ Precursor M Z Based Filtering 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have an unknown MS/MS query spectrum with a known or measured precursor m/z value and need to search a spectral library (local or public: GNPS, MASSBANK, DrugBANK) to annotate the compound.
- ▌ Qc Sample Type Classification 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when constructing a sample list from an Excel template for LC/GC-MS analysis, you must classify each QC sample by type before proceeding to plate layout and randomization steps.
- ▌ Quality Metrics Summarization 2 · holobiomicslabUse when after running QC analysis on NMR or MS metabolomic data and obtaining per-feature CV values, use this skill to validate that the dataset meets FDA thresholds (CV < 0.30 for discovery, CV < 0.15 for quantification) and to report the proportion of features meeting each threshold.
- ▌ Raw Ms Data Format Conversion 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have raw UPLC-HRMS data from ThermoFisher or Agilent instruments and need to feed it into MSThunder for nontargeted pollutant identification. Your input is a vendor binary format (.raw or .d) that MSThunder cannot directly ingest. Environment constraints (e.
- ▌ Smiles Canonicalization Rdkit 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when processing raw SMILES strings from external databases or user input that may contain non-canonical tautomeric forms, variable stereochemical notation, or redundant representations of the same chemical structure.
- ▌ Smiles Parsing And Validation 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have SMILES strings for candidate novel psychoactive substance structures and need to convert them into a machine-readable molecular representation before computing descriptors, generating mass spectra, or calculating chemical fingerprints.
- ▌ Spectral Embedding Generation 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have a collection of pre-processed MS/MS spectra (binned, intensity-normalized) and a trained MS2DeepScore base network, and you need to compute structural similarity scores between spectrum pairs or visualize spectra in chemical space via dimensionality reduction (e.g., UMAP).
- ▌ Tensor Encoding Deep Learning 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when you have validated SMILES strings or RDKit molecule objects representing chemical structures and need to feed them into a pre-trained deep learning model (such as PS2MS, NEIMS, or DeepEI) that expects fixed-size numerical tensor inputs.
- ▌ C Python Interface Wrapping 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have a mature C++ library (like OpenMS) with stable APIs that you want to make accessible from Python environments, and you need to preserve performance-critical C++ execution while supporting rapid prototyping or integration into Python-based data pipelines (e.
- ▌ Dna Adduct Characterization 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when you have a collection of DNA adduct compound structures in SDF format that requires validation for structural integrity and completeness, and you need to generate predicted fragment spectra at defined ionization levels and mass ranges for comparison against experimental mass.
- ▌ Local Maxima Identification 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have raw LC-HRMS profile-mode data and need to identify candidate chromatographic peaks before classification or feature extraction.
- ▌ Openms API Surface Exposure 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when you need to make OpenMS C++ classes, functions, or data structures callable from Python code, or when verifying that a newly bound C++ component can be imported and instantiated without errors in a Python environment.
- ▌ Runtime Comparison Analysis 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when a new version or variant of a tool claims performance improvements over a prior version (e.g., MASST+ vs. MASST), and you need empirical evidence that the claimed speedup (e.g., ~100-fold reduction in search time) is real, reproducible, and quantifiable.
- ▌ Schema Conformance Checking 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have a collection of records in a standardized format (e.g., MassBank plain-text or structured records) that must be validated before commit or publication.
- ▌ Semantic Metabolite Ranking 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have an unknown metabolite with unknown mass spectrum and need to prioritize structural candidates from databases (PubChem, HMDB) by their likelihood of being the true compound.
- ▌ Contrastive Pair Generation 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have raw ion images from MSI data and need to train a contrastive encoder to learn stable, mode-specific representations.
- ▌ Ppm Mass Accuracy Filtering 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when processing imzML/ibd Imaging Mass Spectrometry datasets and you need to extract ion density maps for specific analytes or isotopes. Apply this skill after importing the .imzML metadata and .
- ▌ Mass Spectrometry Data Parsing 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have raw mass spectrometry files in standard formats (mzML, mzXML, msp, MGF, JSON) and need to extract precursor m/z values, fragment peaks, neutral losses, retention times, and compound metadata into a structured, queryable spectrum object representation before performing MS/MS.
- ▌ 4d Lcimmsms Feature Extraction 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have raw LC-IM-MS/MS data files from sterol lipid analysis and need to identify unsaturated sterol isomers by matching experimental collision cross section values against a quantum chemistry calculation-assisted CCS prediction database.
- ▌ Artifact Checksum Verification 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when reproducing a prior software release (especially one generated by automated versioning tools like Semantic Release), you need to confirm that the artifacts produced in your environment match the original release byte-for-byte.
- ▌ Attention Mechanism Validation 2 · holobiomicslabUse when after instantiating a transformer encoder module for mass spectrometry data processing (e.g., in IDSL_MINT), before training on large MS/MS datasets or running inference on test spectra.
- ▌ Automated Lipid Identification 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) data in .ms2 format and need to systematically identify and annotate lipid A molecular structures.
- ▌ Compound Ground Truth Matching 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when you have pre-computed embeddings for query and reference MS/MS spectra, computed their cosine similarity matrix, and need to measure retrieval success by verifying whether the correct compound (identified by SMILES string) appears in the top-1, top-5, or top-10 ranked candidates from.
- ▌ Cross Split Metric Aggregation 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when you have a pre-trained model and need to report stable, generalizable performance on a fixed training set with multiple held-out test splits. Specifically: when you have 10 (or n) random query/reference splits on the same dataset (e.
- ▌ Docker Container Orchestration 2 · holobiomicslabUse when your analysis requires msconvert or another ProteoWizard tool on macOS, but native installation is infeasible or licensing-restricted. You need to convert vendor raw mass spectrometry files (.raw) to the open mzML format without installing ProteoWizard directly on your system.
- ▌ Feature Group Adduct Detection 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have a feature table from LC-MS analysis (containing m/z, retention time, and intensity values) and need to identify which detected features represent the same molecular species ionized under different adduction states.
- ▌ File Format Robustness Testing 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when processing MS spectral data from multiple open mass spectra libraries (OMSLs) in mixed formats (MSP, MGF, JSON, CSV), especially when source data exhibits missing fields, malformed entries, inconsistent adduct representations, or non-standard format variants that may cause silent.
- ▌ Frequency Distribution Binning 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have loaded a table of entity–attribute pairs (e.
- ▌ Gaussian Peak Shape Evaluation 2 · holobiomicslabUse when after peak detection on a composite mass track has identified candidate peaks in a mass chromatogram, and before compiling the final feature table.
- ▌ HTTP Connectivity Verification 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you need to confirm that a documented web service URL is live and reachable before attempting to submit analysis jobs, download results, or integrate the service into an automated pipeline. Use it as a prerequisite check when the service documentation claims academic or public availability.
- ▌ Imputation Algorithm Selection 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have a metabolomics dataset with left-censored missing values (e.g., below limit of quantification in LC/MS or GC/MS) and need to evaluate multiple imputation approaches.
- ▌ Interpretable Machine Learning 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when you have tandem mass spectra data and need to predict a binary molecular property (e.g., presence of a functional group like a sulfo group) while maintaining full interpretability of the model's decision logic.
- ▌ Mass Spectral Feature Grouping 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have untargeted metabolomics MS/MS spectra from multiple features and need to identify which features belong to the same molecular family or are related by biotransformation.
- ▌ Mass Spectrometry Data Parsing 3 · holobiomicslabUse when you have received raw or vendor-converted centroid mzML files from LC-MS, GC-MS, or DI-MS platforms and need to extract MS1 spectra before building mass tracks, performing peak detection, or constructing composite feature maps.
- ▌ Metabolights Dataset Retrieval 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have a MetaboLights dataset identifier (e.g., MTBLS1124) and need to download a specific mzML file (e.g., QC07.mzML) from the public repository for visualization, quality control assessment, or integration into a metabolomics workflow. The USI format mzspec:MTBLS1124:QC07.
- ▌ Mnar Data Handling 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have metabolomics data (targeted LC/MS or untargeted GC/MS) with left-censored missing values below the limit of quantification (LOQ) or limit of detection (LOD), and you need to impute these values while preserving the underlying distributional structure and avoiding bias from.
- ▌ Mzml Mzxml Parsing 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have raw LC-MS/MS data in mzML or mzXML format and need to isolate specific MS1/MS2 scan pairs for a targeted compound list or for building a local spectral library.
- ▌ Usi String Parsing 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when you have a USI string (e.g., mzspec:GNPS:TASK-d93bdbb5cdda40e48975e6e18a45c3ce-f.mwang87/data/Yao_Streptomyces/roseosporus/0518_s_BuOH.
- ▌ R Package API Usage 2 · holobiomicslabUse when you have tabular metabolomics data (tab-delimited or Sciex OS format) and need to apply a specialized R package's analysis pipeline—such as mzQuality—that requires sequential function calls (readData → buildExperiment → doAnalysis) to construct, validate, and transform experiment objects.
- ▌ Evidence Linking 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when evaluating a scientific manuscript that describes a computational analysis (e.g., a normalization or transformation pipeline), use this skill to trace each claimed finding to its source code, data, or prior publication.
- ▌ Peak List Formatting 2 · holobiomicslabUse when after successfully resolving a USI string to a specific mass spectrum scan, and before performing spectral matching, library search, or comparative analysis.
- ▌ Status Value Parsing 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when a project README or documentation embeds badge endpoints that report real-time status (e.g., Travis CI build, Landscape.
- ▌ JSON Response Parsing 2 · holobiomicslabUse when when querying a TensorFlow Serving metadata endpoint or similar REST API that returns JSON-formatted model metadata, and you need to programmatically extract and validate input/output layer names against known specifications (e.
- ▌ Ion Mobility Calibration Curve Fitting · holobiomicslabUse when you have TWIM-MS experimental data with arrival times and m/z values, and access to calibrant reference standards with known CCS values (typically loaded from a calibration template).
- ▌ Ion Mobility Machine Learning Training · holobiomicslabUse when you have a curated dataset of molecular structures (or molecular descriptors) paired with experimentally measured or reference collision cross section values, and you need to predict CCS values for a set of ≤10,000 novel molecules to filter or prioritize metabolomics identifications.
- ▌ Isotope Pattern Matching And Filtering · holobiomicslabUse when you have high-resolution centroided mzML files from Orbitrap or similar instruments, a target compound list with known formulas and monoisotopic m/z values, and need to quantify isotopologue abundances (M+0, M+1, M+2, etc.) for stable isotope labeling experiments.
- ▌ JSON Serialization Of Query Structures · holobiomicslabUse when you have parsed a MassQL query string into an AST representation and need to store, validate, transmit, or integrate the query structure with other tools or systems.
- ▌ Latent Group Discovery From Omics Data · holobiomicslabUse when you have a preprocessed metabolomics feature matrix and sample metadata but suspect hidden substructures or unknown groupings that are not explained by known experimental conditions.
- ▌ Lipid Abundance Statistical Comparison · holobiomicslabUse when after lipid matching is complete and you have a table of normalized lipid abundances aligned across samples, grouped into distinct experimental conditions or phenotypic categories (e.g., diseased vs. control, treated vs. untreated).
- ▌ Lipid Expression Pattern Visualization · holobiomicslabUse when after statistical analysis of lipid abundance data has produced a table of lipid identities, expression measurements, p-values, fold-changes, and condition labels.
- ▌ Local Sequence Availability Assessment · holobiomicslabUse when you need to determine which sequence files in a repository like MIBiG are unique to that resource and not mirrored in NCBI public databases.
- ▌ M Z Value Clustering Mass Spectrometry · holobiomicslabUse when processing extracted peak lists from MSI data and you need to annotate matrix-related signals but suspect that multiple ions with the same or very similar m/z values (isobaric ions) are present.
- ▌ Machine Learning Regulatory Prediction · holobiomicslabUse when you have matched multiomics data (CNV, mutations, DNA methylation, histone PTMs, transcriptomics, miRNA, lncRNA, proteomics, phosphoproteomics) and metabolomics measurements across a cell line panel or cohort, and you want to infer which molecular features (genes, regulatory marks, splice.
- ▌ Mass Spectrometry Image Reconstruction · holobiomicslabUse when you have paired .imzML (XML metadata) and .
- ▌ Mass Track Correspondence Verification · holobiomicslabUse when after constructing a LOWESS regression function (rt_cal_dict) to align retention times between a reference sample and a current sample, validate that high-selectivity landmark peaks in the reference sample (mSelectivity > 0.
- ▌ Matrix Algebra For Metabolite Networks · holobiomicslabUse when you have normalized and standardized metabolomics data (samples × metabolites matrix) and need to move beyond univariate or pairwise metabolite analysis to characterize the joint covariance structure or infer dynamic control relationships between metabolites under different growth.
- ▌ Metabolic Model Constraint Application · holobiomicslabUse when when you have a generic constraint-based metabolic model, RNA-seq expression data with GPR associations for reactions, experimentally measured nutrient uptake/secretion rates (from YSI bioanalyzer or similar), and intracellular/extracellular metabolomics data, and you need to generate.
- ▌ Metabolite Distance Metric Calculation · holobiomicslabUse when you have normalized peak intensity tables from FT-ICR MS data (or MetaboDirect pre-processed .csv output) with samples grouped by experimental treatments (e.
- ▌ Metabolite Feature Matrix Manipulation · holobiomicslabUse when you have raw metabolomics peak intensity or concentration data in matrix form (samples as rows, metabolites as columns) and need to prepare it for normalization or statistical analysis.
- ▌ Metabolite Intensity Matrix Extraction · holobiomicslabUse when when you have raw mass spectrometry peak intensity data (rows = peaks with IDs, columns = individual samples) and you need to align it with metabolite annotations (peak ID → KEGG or ChEBI compound ID mappings) before performing pathway-level analysis.
- ▌ Metabolite Network Covariance Analysis · holobiomicslabUse when you have normalized metabolite abundance data from MetaboAnalyst or similar preprocessing and need to transition from univariate/pairwise correlation analysis to network-level inference that captures conditional dependencies (partial correlations) between metabolites under specific.
- ▌ Metabolite Network Topology Extraction · holobiomicslabUse when after computing a Jacobian matrix from metabolomics covariance data, when you need to identify and visualize the structure of metabolite interactions (which metabolites regulate or influence which others) and their relative strengths.
- ▌ Metabolite Pathway Association Mapping · holobiomicslabUse when you have a list of metabolite names or identifiers detected in your samples and need to assign them to known metabolic pathways before computing pathway dysregulation scores, performing pathway-level machine learning, or conducting metabolite-pathway regression analysis.
- ▌ Metabolomics Feature Matrix Processing · holobiomicslabUse when you have a raw metabolomics intensity matrix with missing or zero values across samples in different experimental groups, and you need to input it into pathway activity scoring methods (PLAGE, ORA, GSEA) or metabolite set analysis pipelines that require normalized, zero-mean unit-variance.
- ▌ Metabolomics Workbench API Integration · holobiomicslabUse when when you need to analyze a publicly archived lipidomics study (identified by study_id like ST001111) and want to bypass manual data download and format conversion.
- ▌ Metadata Validation Rule Specification · holobiomicslabUse when mSMetaEnhancer retrieves metadata attributes (SMILES, InChI, CAS numbers, IUPAC names, formulas) from external services (CIR, CTS, PubChem, IDSM, BridgeDb) and you need to guarantee that only correctly formatted values are written back to .msp output files.
- ▌ Microbe Metabolite Attribution Scoring · holobiomicslabUse when after training multi-layer perceptron neural networks via cross-validation to predict metabolite abundances from microbiome composition, when you need to interpret which microbes drive predictions of specific metabolites and to identify groups of microbes with coherent metabolite.
- ▌ Microbial Biotransformation Prediction · holobiomicslabUse when when you have chemical structures (SMILES or molecular structure format) and need to forecast what metabolites environmental microbes would produce; particularly when assessing pollutant persistence, environmental fate, or xenobiotic degradation pathways in aquatic and terrestrial settings.
- ▌ Model Parameter Inspection And Logging · holobiomicslabUse when after instantiating a neural network model (such as TransG-Net) with multimodal inputs but before beginning training, to validate that the model architecture correctly accepts graph features and SMILES embeddings as separate modalities and produces expected output tensor shapes.
- ▌ Module Trait Association Visualization · holobiomicslabUse when after identifying and naming metabolic correlation modules from WGCNA on normalized, imputed metabolomic data, and you need to assess whether specific modules associate significantly with a binary or categorical sample trait (e.g., disease status, treatment group).
- ▌ Molecular Graph Feature Representation · holobiomicslabUse when when you have molecular structures (as SMILES, SDF, or graph adjacency) and need to predict continuous properties (e.
- ▌ Molecular Structure To Vector Encoding · holobiomicslabUse when when you have a collection of molecular structures (SMILES, InChI, or SDF format) and need to train or compare neural network-based spectrum predictors (such as NEIMS, MassFormer, or ICEBERG variants) on the same benchmark dataset.
- ▌ Multi Task Auxiliary Target Generation · holobiomicslabUse when training neural network models (MLP or GNN) for metabolite annotation on mass spectrometry data and you have access to a large unlabeled or weakly labeled spectral dataset.
- ▌ Multiassay Data Structure Construction · holobiomicslabUse when you have three separate data components from a metabolomics assay: (1) a matrix of metabolite measurements (assay) with samples as columns and metabolites as rows, (2) a table of metabolite annotations (rowData, e.
- ▌ Multimodal Spot Correspondence Mapping · holobiomicslabUse when when you have paired spatial transcriptome and metabolome datasets in h5ad format with spatial coordinate matrices (obsm['spatial']) and you need to establish spot-level correspondence across modalities for downstream integration or co-analysis.